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Pharm Test 4 > Antihypertensive Drugs > Flashcards

Antihypertensive Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Hydralazine- Mech of Action

A

vasodilator

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2
Q

Hydralazine- Indication

A
  • resistant hypertension

- pregnancy induced hypertension

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3
Q

Chlorthalidone- Mech of Action

A
  • thiazide diuretic

- inhibits Na/Cl co-transporter in distal convoluted tubule

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4
Q

Chlorthalidone- Indication

A
  • 1st line drug in uncomplicated hypertension
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5
Q

Furosemide- Mech of Action

A

Loop diuretic

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6
Q

Furosemide- Indication

A
  • hypertension in severe renal insufficiency
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7
Q

Spironolactone- Mech of Action

A

aldosterone receptor antagonist

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8
Q

Spironolactone- Indication

A

used in combination with other antihypertensives that deplete K

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9
Q

Eplerenone- Mech of Action

A

aldosterone receptor blocker

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10
Q

Eplerenone- Indication

A

combination treatment of hypertension with drugs that deplete K

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11
Q

Triamterene- Mech of Action

A

ENaC inhibitor

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12
Q

Triamterene- Indication

A

in combination w/ diuretics to spare K loss

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13
Q

Amiloride- Mech of Action

A

ENaC blocker

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14
Q

Amiloride- Indication

A

in combination w/ diuretics to minimize K loss

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15
Q

Nifedipine- Mech of Action

A

Ca channel antagonist

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16
Q

Nifedipine- Indication

A
  • 1ST LINE DRUG IN HYPERTENSION, used in diabetes and hyperlipidemia
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17
Q

Diltiazem- Mech of Action

A

Ca channel antagonist

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18
Q

Diltiazem- Indication

A

1st line drug in chronic hypertension

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19
Q

Verapamil- Mech of Action

A

Ca channel antagonist

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20
Q

Verapamil- Indication

A

1st line drug in hypertension

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21
Q

Clonidine- Mech of Action

A

alpha2-agonist

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22
Q

Clonidine- Indication

A

chronic hypertension

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23
Q

Guanfacine- Mech of Action

A

alpha2-agonist

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24
Q

Guanfacine- Indication

A

hypertension, longer half-life= less chance of rebound compared to Clonidine

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25
Q

Methyldopa- Mech of Action

A

alpha2-agonist

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26
Q

Methyldopa- Indication

A

hypertension in pregnancy

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27
Q

Reserpine- Mech of Action

A

depletes monoamine from storage vesicles

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28
Q

Reserpine- Indication

A

resistant hypertension

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29
Q

Phenoxybenzamine- Mech of Action

A

alpha-blocker

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30
Q

Phenoxybenzamine- Indication

A

prescription for pheochromocytoma before surgery

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31
Q

Prazosin- Mech of Action

A

alpha-blocker

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32
Q

Prazosin- Indication

A
  • chronic hypertension

- benign prostatic hyperplasia

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33
Q

Terazosin- Mech of Action

A

alpha1-blocker

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34
Q

Terazosin- Indication

A

chronic hypertension

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35
Q

Doxazosin- Mech of Action

A

alpha1-blocker

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36
Q

Doxazosin- Indication

A

chronic hypertension

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37
Q

Propranolol- Mech of Action

A

beta-blocker

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38
Q

Propranolol- Indication

A
  • hypertension w/ angina
  • adjunct to prevent tachycardia
  • MI
  • arrhythmia
39
Q

Nadolol- Mech of Action

A

beta-blocker

40
Q

Nadolol- Indication

A
  • long-term angina
  • hypertension
  • longer 1/2 life than propranolol (=1/day dosing)
41
Q

Pindolol- Mech of Action

A

beta-antagonist (w/ partial agonist activity), less bradycardia than other beta-blockers

42
Q

Pindolol- Indication

A

chronic hypertension

43
Q

Metoprolol- Mech of Action

A

Beta1-antagonist, somewhat lipophilic

44
Q

Metoprolol- Indication

A
  • hypertension

- long-term angina prescription

45
Q

Atenolol- Mech of Action

A

Beta1-blocker, hydrophilic

46
Q

Atenolol- Indication

A
  • CHRONIC HYPERTENSION
  • angina
  • MI
  • arrhythmia
  • HF
47
Q

Labetolol- Mech of Action

A

mixed alpha/beta receptor antagonist

48
Q

Labetolol- Indication

A

chronic hypertension

49
Q

Carvedilol- Mech of Action

A

mixed alpha/beta receptor blocker and NO generator

50
Q

Carvedilol- Indication

A
  • chronic hypertension

- CHF

51
Q

Hydralazine- Mech of Action

A

vasodilator

52
Q

Hydralazine- Indication

A
  • resistant hypertension

- pregnancy induced hypertension

53
Q

Minoxidil- Mech of Action

A

vasodilator

54
Q

Minoxidil- Indication

A

resistant hypertension

55
Q

Nitroprusside- Mech of Action

A

vasodilator

56
Q

Nitroprusside- Indication

A

acute hypertensive crisis

57
Q

Captopril- Mech of Action

A

ACE inhibitor

58
Q

Captopril- Indication

A
  • 1ST LINE DRUG IN CHRONIC HYPERTENSION

- used in HF, MI, and diabetes

59
Q

Enalapril- Mech of Action

A

ACE inhibitor

60
Q

Enalapril- Indication

A
  • 1ST LINE DRUG IN CHRONIC HYPERTENSION, USED IN HF,
61
Q

Lisinopril- Mech of Action

A

ACE inhibitor

62
Q

Lisinopril- Indication

A

1st line drug in chronic hypertension

63
Q

Losartan- Mech of Action

A

ARB

64
Q

Losartan- Indication

A

1st line drug in chronic hypertension

65
Q

Hydrocholorthiazide- Mech of Action

A
  • thiazide diuretic

- inhibits Na/Cl co-transporter in distal convoluted tubule

66
Q

Hydrocholorthiazide- Indication

A
  • mild/moderate hypertension w/ normal cardiac/renal function
  • 1st line therapy for treatment of uncomplicated hypertension
67
Q

Thiazide diuretics- Side Effects (hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone)

A 
HYPOKALEMIA
HYPONATREMIA
HYPERGLYCEMIA
INCREASED LDL/HDL
hyperuricemia
impotence
68
Q

Loop diuretics- Side Effects (furosemide)

A 
OTOTOXICITY
DEHYDRATION/HYPONATREMIA
HYPKALEMIA
IMPAIRED DIABETES CONTROL
INCREASED LDL/HDL
metabolic alkalosis
hyperuricemia
hypomagnesemia
69
Q

Loop diuretics- Drug Interactions

A

NSAIDS

aminoglycosides

70
Q

K-Sparing Diuretics- Side Effects (spironolactone, eplerenone)

A

hyperkalemia

gynecomastia (sironolactone)

71
Q

K-Sparing Diuretics- Drug Interactions

A

NSAIDS
ACE Inhibitors
ARBs

72
Q

K-Sparing Diuretics- Contraindications

A

RAS inhibitors

73
Q

Nifedipine- Side Effects

A

ACUTE TACHYCARDIA
headache
peripheral edema
flushing

74
Q

Diltiazem- Side Effects

A

BRADYCARDIA
dizziness
headache
edema

75
Q

Verapamil- Side Effects

A 
BRADYCARDIA
CONSTIPATION
dizziness
headache
edema
76
Q

Clonidine- Side Effects

A 
SEDATION
DRY MOUTH
REBOUND HYPERTENSION (if stopped too quickly)
bradycardia
dermatitis
77
Q

Methyldopa- Side Effects

A 
SEDATION
nightmares
movement disorders
hyperprolactinemia
anemia
78
Q

Methyldopa- Drug Interactions

A

levodopa

79
Q

Methyldopa- Contraindications

A

Liver Dx

80
Q

Reserpine- Side Effects

A 
DEPRESSION
NASAL CONGESTION
sedation
diarrhea
bradycardia
81
Q

Reserpine- Drug Interactions

A

CNS depressant

MAOIs

82
Q

Phenoxybenzamine- Side Effects

A

tachycardia

83
Q

Prazosin- Side Effects

A

LESS TACHYCARDIA than direct vasodilators

HYPOTENSION (1st dose)

84
Q

Beta-blockers- Side Effects

A 
All:
BRADYCARDIA
INCREASED TRIGLYCERIDES
DECREASED HDLS
HYPERGLYCEMIA
IMPAIRED EXERCISE TOLERANCE
impotence

Non-Selective:
INCREASED AIRWAY RESISTANCE

Lipophilic:
INSOMNIA
CHRONIC FATIGUE
nightmares
depression
85
Q

Beta-Blockers- Drug Interactions

A

calcium channel blockers (reduced contractility and conduction)

86
Q

Beta-Blocker- Contraindications

A

cardiogenic shock
sinus bradycardia
asthma
severe heart failure

87
Q

Hydralazine & Minoxidil- Side Effects

A 
TACHYCARDIA
ANGINA AGGRAVATION
FLUID RETENTION
HYPERTICHOSIS (minoxidil)
nausea
vomiting
sweating
flushing 
lupus-like symptoms
NSAIDS CAN REDUCE EFFECTIVENESS
88
Q

Nitroprusside- Side Effects

A

CYANIDE POISONING
nausea
vomiting
muscle twitch

89
Q

ACE Inhibitors- Side Effects

A

HYPERKALEMIA
DRY COUGH
rash
angioedema

90
Q

ACE Inhibitors- Drug Interactions

A

exacerbates hyperkalemic effect of K sparing drugs

91
Q

ACE Inhibitors- Contraindications

A
  • pregnancy

- bilateral renal stenosis

92
Q

Losartan- Side Effects

A

hyperkalemia

93
Q

Losartan- Contraindications

A

PREGNANCY, causes fetal renal failure in 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy

94
Q

Losartan- Drug Interactions

A

K sparing drugs (exacerbates hyperkalemia)

Pharm Test 4 (6 decks)

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