antihypertensive drugs 2

Question 1

anti RAAS drugs

Answer 1

1) renin inhibitor: aliskiren
2) ACE inhibitors: lisinopril

otehrs

Question 2

aliskiren

Answer 2

1) renin inhibitor
2) binding to renin in plasma
- therefore, reduces angiotensinogen => angiotensin 1
3) side effects: fatigue, weakness, cough
4) FDA warned against using it for kidney impairment

Question 3

Ace inhibitor

Answer 3

1) reduce production of angiotensin II and aldosterone
2) side effects similar to renin inhibitor

Question 4

angiotensin receptor blockers

Answer 4

1) sartans
2) targets AT type 1 (AT1)
3) inhibits vasoconstriction, aldosterone release and cell proliferation
4) side effects similar to before

Question 5

inhibitors of aldosterone

Answer 5

1) spironolactone
2) interferes with aldosterone and sodium absorption

Question 6

calcium channel blockers

Answer 6

1) inhibits inward movement of calcium
2) L-type calcium channels on cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle
3) reduce cardiac muscle contraction and decrease HR
4) in arteries
- calcium binds to calmodulin and activates myosin to undergo contraction of vessel
- decrease vascular smooth muscle contraction, reduce total peripheral resistance
- increase coronary blood flow

Question 7

classes of caclium channel blockers

Answer 7

1) dihydropyridines
- selective for smooth muscle, peripheral and coronary vasodilation, nifedipine (short), amplodipine (long acting)
2) benzodiazepines, phenylalkylamines that active vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
- gingival swelling and enlargement
- flushing, dizzy, fainting, reflex tachycardia

Question 8

vasodilators

Answer 8

1) directly acting vasodilator rapidly reduces BP
2) nitroprusside, releases NO, effect seen in minutes
3) indications for use
- malignant hypertension
- pheochromocytoma
- left ventricular failure
- aortic dissection
- coronary insufficiency

Question 9

dentists and hypertension

Answer 9

1) take medication at regular time to minimize the possibility of intraoperative hypertension
2) minimize stress of pain
3) orthostatic (postural) hypotension
4) minimize use of epinephrine
5) gingival retraction cord with epinephrine is contraindicated
6) careful evaluation on patient taking anticoagulant with procedure involving bleeding

Question 10

know

Answer 10

1) the classes and subclasses the drugs belong