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Cardiovascular Disease > Antihypertensive Drugs > Flashcards

Antihypertensive Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of cardio-selective beta blockers

A

BAtMAN

Bisoprolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol
Acebutolol
Nebivolol

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2
Q

Examples of cardio-selective beta blockers

A

BAtMAN

Bisoprolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol
Acebutolol
Nebivolol

Less likely to cause bronchospasm

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3
Q

Examples of water soluble beta blockers

A

Water CANS

Celiprolol
Atenolol
Nadolol
Sotalol

Less likely to cross BBB therefore less associated with nightmares

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4
Q

Examples of intrinsic sympathomimetic beta blockers

A

Ice PACO

Pindolol
Acebutolol
Celiprolol
Oxprenolol

Less likely to cause cold extremities

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5
Q

Side effects of beta blockers

A

Bradycardia or heart failure

Masked effects of hypoglycaemia - cautioned in diabetics

Hyperglycaemia

Bronchospasm - contraindicated in asthmatic patients

Fatigue

Cold extremities

Sleep disturbances (nightmares)

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6
Q

Beta blocker interactions

A

Amiodarone or digoxin - increases bradycardia which can lead to heart failure / heart block

Any other hypotensive drug

Thiazide diuretics - mask hypoglycaemia symptoms

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7
Q

Beta blocker monitoring parameters

A

HR and BP
Renal function - especially with water soluble

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8
Q

Examples of beta blockers with arteriolar vasodilating action - what is the consequence of this action?

A

Labetalol
Celiprolol
Carvedilol
Nebivolol

Lower peripheral resistance

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9
Q

Examples of dihydropyridine CCBs

A

Amlodipine
Felodipine
Lacidipine
Lercanidipine
Nicardipine
Nifedipine
Nimodipine

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10
Q

Examples of non-dihydropyridine CCBs

A

Verapamil and Diltiazem (rate limiting)

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11
Q

Which CCB can be used in heart failure and why can’t the others be used?

A

Amlodipine
They can further depress cardiac function and exacerbate symptoms
They can also increase mortality after myocardial infarction in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary congestion.

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12
Q

Which CCB should not be used with beta blockers?

A

Verapamil

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13
Q

Most common side effect of verapamil

A

Constipation

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14
Q

Side effects of CCB

A

Flushing
Headache
Fainting
Ankle swelling
Gingival hyperplasia (enlarged gums)
Complete atrioventricular block; more common in rate-limiting (this is why you never give anti-arrhythmatics in QT prolongation)

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15
Q

Which CCB is licensed for the treatment of acute life-threatening hypertension?

A

Nicardipine hydrochloride

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16
Q

Examples of ACE-I

A

Ramipril
Enalapril
Lisinopril
Perindopril
Catopril

17
Q

Side effects of ACE-I

A

CHHHARD

Cough (give ARB instead)
Hyperkalaemia
Hyponatraemia
Hepatic failure
Angioedema
Renal impairment
Dizziness and headaches

18
Q

ACE-I interactions

A

ARBs, K-sparing diuretics, NSAIDs - Increase risk of renal failure

Heparins, ARBs, NSAIDs, K-sparing diuretics, beta-blockers - Hyperkalaemia

Diuretics - Increase risk of volume depletion

Lithium - Increase plasma levels of lithium

19
Q

ACE-I monitoring requirements

A

Renal function and electrolytes - baseline,

BP

20
Q

Examples of ARBs

A

Candesartan
Irbesartan
Losartan
Olmesartan
Telmisartan
Valsartan

21
Q

Why are ARBs less likely to cause a dry cough?

A

They do not inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin and other kinins therefore less likely to cause the persistent dry cough

22
Q

Side effects of ARBs

A

Same as ACE-I apart from no cough and no angioedema

23
Q

Example of a renin inhibitor

A

Aliskiren

24
Q

Side effects of combination therapy with two drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system

A

Increased risk of hyperkalaemia, hypotension, and renal impairment

Cardiovascular Disease (11 decks)

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