Antihypertensive

Question 1

What is the BP to be considered hypertensive?

Answer 1

> 140/90mmHg

Question 2

Mechanism of action of thiazides

Answer 2

• Inhibit NaCl reabsorption by blocking Na+/Cl- cotransporter
• Enhance Ca2+ reabsorption in DCT
• Enhances urea reabsorption and inhibits excretion at PCT

Question 3

Effect of simultaneous NSAID and thiazide usage?

Answer 3

Prostaglandin synthesis is reduced, which reduces thiazide effectiveness as well since its actions are dependent on renal PG synthesis

Question 4

The 6 AEs of thiazide use

Answer 4

Hyponatremia
Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyperuricemia
Hyperlipidemia

Question 5

Actions of propanolol and atenolol?

Answer 5

Beta-blockers that decrease heart rate and force to reduce BP

Question 6

Which category of people should not be taking propanolol for hypertension?

Answer 6

Asthmatics as it is a non-selective beta blocker that can cause bronchospasm as side effect

Question 7

Name the 3 ACE inhibitors

Answer 7

Enalapril
Captopril
Lisinopril

Question 8

Mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors

Answer 8

Prevents conversion of angiotensin I to II
Decreases vasoconstriction leading to reduced resistance
Decreases aldosterone production which reduces Na+ and H2O retention

Question 9

Main AEs of ACE inhibitors

Answer 9

Hyperkalemia
Angioedema
Dry cough