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Pharmacology > Antihypertensive > Flashcards

Antihypertensive Flashcards

1
Q

What is the organelle that play rule in regulation of blood pressure.

A

Lung
Liver
Kidney
Adrenal gland

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2
Q

What is systolic blood pressure.

A

Pressure the artery pumping blood out

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3
Q

What is dystolic blood pressure

A

Heart relax or filling with blood

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4
Q

What is normal blood pressure

A

120/80

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5
Q

How we can remember antiherpertensive drudge

A

By A B C D E

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6
Q

What is the effect of the Angelo tension 2?

A

1-increase sympathetic activity
2-vasoconstriction
3-produce aldosterone from medulla
All this increase blood pressure

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7
Q

Ace anhibiterhow we can remember the drug?

A

By end(perils)

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of Ace inhibited

A

Inhibit the convention angiotensin 1 to angeotention 2

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9
Q

The side effect of the ACE inhibitor is?

A 
1-Dry cough
2-rash
3-nausea/vomiting
4-headache
5-Diarrhea
6- hyperkalemia
7-hypotension
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10
Q

Contraindication to use ace inhabited is?

A 
Pregnancy
Asthma 
Allergy
 Bilateral Renal stenosis
Chronic cough
Hyperkalemia
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11
Q

What is the mechanism action of Angeotensein 2 receptor blocking?

A

Block bind the angeotention 2 to binding to their receptors so decrease ante activity of angeotention 2 so decrease blood pressure

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12
Q

Side effect of angeotention block reseptor is

A 
Head ache
Nausea
Diarrhoea
Dizziness
Back pain
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13
Q

Avoiding of angeotention reseptore blocking are

A

Pregnancy
Renalstenosis bilateral
Allergy

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14
Q

Why angeotention reseptore use as alternative to ACE inhiabitor?

A

Because with ace inhibitors getting dry coughing

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15
Q

The end of angeotention reseptore blockers are

A

Sartan

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16
Q

Alpha 1 reseptore blocker worke on

A

On the vessels epithelium cell that have alpha 1 reseptore that responsible to smoothe muscle cell contract=narrow lumen= increase blood pressure

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17
Q

What alpha 1 reseptore bloche r do

A

Block alpha 1 reseptore
Inhabit adrenergic activity leading to decrease blood pressure

-also deacrease total cholesterol I body so it’s perfect to patient have the tow disease

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18
Q

Side effect of the alpha 1 reseptor blocking?

A

Hypotension

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19
Q

Beta blockers(Olol)

A

Is important in blocking sympathetic activity
Reduce cardiac outbout
Will cause 👎🏻glumoral filtration either selective beta blockers

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20
Q

What is pasemaker cells and when located?

A

Is cell located in heart
Make conduction system of the heart
Regulate heart rate how fast the heart pumping

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21
Q

Pacemaker cell effected by

A

Sympathetic nervous system and

Parasympathetic nervous system

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22
Q

Which reseptore pacemakers cell have?and when stamulat what it do?

A

Beta 1 reseptore sympathetic nervous system norepinephrine and epinephrine will stamulate beta 1 reseptor and make rapid heart rat=increase blood pressure

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23
Q

Which reseptor is on myocardial muscle

A

Beta 1 reseptore

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24
Q

Mechanism action of the beta blockers is

A

Block sympathetic function on the heart(pacemaker reseptor/myocardial reseptor)by block beta receptor
1-decrease heart rate
2-decrease myocardial contraction
=decrease cardiac rate=decrease cardiac output=decreaseBP

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25
Q

Side effect of beta blocker?

A 
Bradycardia
Fatigue
Hypotension
Libido
Bronchocontraction
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26
Q

Conindacation of beta blocker

A

OLD

PVD

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27
Q

Calcium channel role in the body?

A

Have tow type of calcium channel
T-type calcium channel
L-type calcium channel

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28
Q

When T-type calcium channel found

A

In heart (pacemaker cell)cause the heart to pump faster=increase BP

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29
Q

Which type of ca block use in t-type

A

T- type ca channel blocker that 👎🏻HR=👎🏻CO=👎🏻BP

30
Q

What is t-type ca channel blocker?

A

Verapamil
Dihydropyidines
Benzothizepine

31
Q

L-type ca channel found in

A

On smooth muscle cells

32
Q

What l-type ca channel do to smoth muscle of vessels?

A

Influx ca into Luman and cause contraction👍🏻BP

Also found in cardiomyocyte

33
Q

L- type ca channel blocker is dihydroperdens

A

Some of the drugs of dihydroperioden also block t-type ca channel

34
Q

Example on the L-type ca channel is

A

Nifeoipine

35
Q

Side effect of ca channel blockers

A

Headache,dizziness,hypotensive palpitation,odema

36
Q

Contraindication of ca channel blockers

A

Congestive heart failur

Ventracular tachycardia

37
Q

How heart failure occurs with ca channel blocker

A

L-type will weaking or reducing of contraction the strength of the heart

38
Q

Diuretic worke on

A

Kidney

39
Q

Diuretics mechanism action

A

-👍🏻urine output
👎🏻fluid overload(Na)
👎🏻 blood pressure
👎🏻Co

40
Q

What is the type of the diuretics?

A
  • loop (stronger)
  • thiozate
  • k sparing
41
Q

What is loop diuretic do

A

Inhabit transport of ions
District hall transport in ascending loop of Henley
(Cl ions)so don’t move Na to blood 🩸

Use only in complicated cases(CRF-CHF) marked fluid retention

42
Q

Thiozate do?

A

Work on distal tubuler that reabsorb cl and Na together to blood and 👍🏻BP
So Thizoite block this transport and block Na /h2o
👎🏻BP

43
Q

K sparing diuretic worke on

A

Distal nephron that reabsorb Na and secret K
So inhibit this
So 👎🏻reabsorbtion Na and prevent secretion if K

And it used as compensation with thiazides
(Triametern+benzathiazide)

44
Q

Endotheline Reseptore antagonistic

A

Cause vasodilation worke on blood vessels
👎🏻BP
Block endothelial reseptore and block contraction and make vasodilation

45
Q

Side effect of ERA

A 
Headache 
Nasocongestion
Nausea
Hypotension
Palpitation peripheral odema
46
Q

What is prehypertention

A

When BP129/89

47
Q

Stage 1 hypertension

A

149-159/90-99

48
Q

Stage 2 hypertension

A

> 160>100

49
Q

What is classification of hypertension

A

Essentially:unknown origin
Secondary:do to another disease

50
Q

Why we grate hypertension

A

To avoid

  • damage vascular epithelium
  • high BP load on heart do to CHF

Hypertension asymptotic should be treated

51
Q

What is equation of the BP

A

BP=CO*PVR

52
Q

How we control long term BP?

A

By control blood pressure

53
Q

What is the diuretics drugs?what is their mechanism?

A

Loop directs (furosemide)
Thiazides (hydrochlorithizaid,chlorthiliden
K sparing

👍🏻exertion sodium and water and 👎🏻blood volum 👎🏻BP

54
Q

Drugs of ACE inhabited?and what they do?

A 
Captopril
Lisinopril
Enalapril
Ramipril
Fosinopril

Inhibited synthesis angeotention 2

55
Q

ARB drug?what do

A

جماعه Sartan

Block binding

56
Q

What is centrally drugs ?and what do

A

Clonidina
Methyldopa

Act on central alpha2 a reseptore to 👎🏻sympathetic out flow-fail on BP

57
Q

What is beta adrenergic blockers?

A 
Non selective:
Metoprolol 
Atenolol
Esmolo
Pindalol

Bind and block norepinephrain activity

Beta and alpha blocker:
Labetalol
Carvidolol

Alpha blockers:
البقيه يعني

Blocking alpha reseptore in smooth muscle vasodilation

58
Q

K channel activator?

A

Diazoxid
Minoxidil
Pincidle
Nicorandil

Leakage of K do to relaxing SMCs

59
Q

Vasodilator drugs are?

A

Arteriosclerosis:hydralazin

Artery-venular: sodium nitroproside

60
Q

Thiazides diuretics side effect? And in which doses appear

A 
Hypokalamia
Hyperglycemia 
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperurecemia
Sudden cardiac death

In higher doses(50-100)

61
Q

What is JNS recommendation of thiazides?

A

Therapy(12.5-25)
Should use withK sparing diuretics

I sever hypertensive we use(loop diuretics)

62
Q

What is modified thiazides?

A

Indapmide: are long duration action(18 h)
2.5 mg
It is lipid neuteria:not alter blood lipid concentration

63
Q

Renin secret response to?

A

Decrease arterial blood pressure
DecreaseNa in macula dense
Increase sympathetic nerveuse activity

64
Q

The most important angeotention 2?

A

Cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling

So we should give ACE inhibetre to avoid that

65
Q

Capotopril half life is?

A

2 hours

66
Q

Captopril and CO

A

Has no affect of CO

67
Q

Enalapril half life

A

Long half life once daily use in chronic cases
Absorption not effect by food
عكس الثاني يكون يتأثر بالاكل

68
Q

Ramipril ace inhabited?

A

Long half-life
Tissue specific protective hear annd kidney
Doses 2.5 to 10 mg
Prodrug

69
Q

Lisinopril ace inhibitor?

A 
Lysin derivative
No prodrug 
Not effected by food
Not metabolised 
Slow absorption orally
Once daily doses
Long duration
1.25-2.5-5-10-20 start with low doses
70
Q

Losartan ARB?

A 
Block all action of A-2
No inhibition of ACE
Long duration24hours
Vasodilation 
Not effected by food
Hig metabolism 
Don’t enter brain
*highly bound to plasm protein

Pharmacology (2 decks)

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