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Antihypertensive > Antihypertensive > Flashcards

Antihypertensive Flashcards

1
Q

What are Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors?

A

Medications that inhibit the ACE enzyme, lowering blood pressure

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2
Q

Name a common ACE Inhibitor.

A

Captopril

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3
Q

What is Enalapril?

A

An ACE Inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure

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4
Q

What is Enalaprilat?

A

The active form of Enalapril

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5
Q

What is Perindopril?

A

An ACE Inhibitor that helps manage hypertension

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6
Q

What are selective α1 adrenoreceptor antagonists?

A

Medications that block α1 adrenergic receptors, lowering blood pressure

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7
Q

Name a selective α1 adrenoreceptor antagonist.

A

Doxazosin

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8
Q

What are selective central α2 adrenoreceptor agonists?

A

Drugs that stimulate α2 adrenergic receptors in the central nervous system

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9
Q

Name a selective central α2 adrenoreceptor agonist.

A

Methyldopa

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10
Q

What are NO modulators?

A

Medications that increase nitric oxide levels, causing vasodilation

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11
Q

Name a NO modulator.

A

Sodium nitroprusside

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12
Q

What is Glyceril trinitrate?

A

A NO modulator used for angina and heart failure

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13
Q

What are Angiotensin II 1st type (AT1) receptor blockers (ARB)?

A

Medications that block the AT1 receptor to reduce blood pressure

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14
Q

Name an ARB.

A

Valsartan

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15
Q

What are calcium channel blockers (dihydropyridine)?

A

Medications that inhibit calcium influx in vascular smooth muscle

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16
Q

Name a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker.

A

Nifedipine

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17
Q

What is Amlodipine?

A

A dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker for hypertension

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18
Q

What are selective α1, nonselective β adrenoreceptor antagonists?

A

Drugs that block both α1 and β adrenergic receptors

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19
Q

Name a selective α1, nonselective β adrenoreceptor antagonist.

A

Labetalol

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20
Q

What is Carvedilol?

A

A nonselective β blocker with α1 blocking activity

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21
Q

What are β adrenoreceptor antagonists?

A

Medications that block β adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate

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22
Q

What are central α2 adrenoreceptor and imidazoline agonists?

A

Drugs that act on central nervous system receptors to lower blood pressure

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23
Q

Name a central α2 adrenoreceptor agonist.

A

Clonidine

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24
Q

What are diuretic agents?

A

Medications that promote diuresis to reduce blood volume

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25
Q

Name a loop diuretic.

A

Furosemide

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26
Q

What is Hydrochlorothiazide?

A

A thiazide diuretic used to treat hypertension

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27
Q

What is Indapamide?

A

A thiazide-like diuretic for managing high blood pressure

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28
Q

What is Spironolactone?

A

A potassium-sparing diuretic

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29
Q

What are 2nd generation β adrenoreceptor antagonists?

A

Medications that selectively block β1 receptors

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30
Q

Name a 2nd generation β adrenoreceptor antagonist.

A

Metoprolol

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31
Q

What is Bisoprolol?

A

A selective β1 adrenoreceptor antagonist

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32
Q

What is Nebivolol?

A

A 3rd generation β adrenoreceptor antagonist with vasodilatory effects

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33
Q

What are selective imidazoline receptor agonists (SIRA)?

A

Drugs that target imidazoline receptors to lower blood pressure

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34
Q

Name a selective imidazoline receptor agonist.

A

Moxonidine

35
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

Captopril, enalapril,enalaprilat,perindopril

36
Q

ARB

A

Valsartan

37
Q

Calcium channel blockers (dihydropiridine)

A

Nifedipine and amlodipine

38
Q

Selective alpha 1 adrenoreceptor antagonist

A

Doxazosin

39
Q

Selective alpha 1 and non selective beta adrenoreceptor antagonist

A

Labetalol and carvedilol

40
Q

Beta adrenoreceptor antagonist

A

2-metaprolol, bisoprolol,3-nebivolol

41
Q

Selective central alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonist

A

Methyldopa

42
Q

Central alpha 2 and imidazolin I1 agonist

A

Clonidine

43
Q

Selective imidazolin I1 receptor agonists

A

Moxonidine

44
Q

NO modulators

A

Sodium nitroprusside and glyceril nitrate

45
Q

Factors determining BP

A

CMV,TPR, volume of circulating blood

46
Q

Major regulatory systems of BP

A

ANS and RAAS

47
Q

Angiotensin 2 acts on aldosterone leads to na and water retention and increase venous return,this leads to

A

Increase cardiac output

48
Q

Compensatory mechanism for reduced vascular tone is

A

Increased HR

49
Q

Compensatory mechanism for reduced CMV is

A

Vasoconstriction

50
Q

RAAS increase BP by

A

Vasoconstriction and increasing the circulatory blood volume

51
Q

What leads to increased renin production

A

Increased sympathetic stimulation, decrease BP, decreased renal blood flow, decreased na in distal tubules

52
Q

Angiotensin 2 in AT 1 receptor

A

Increase vasoconstriction,ROS, sympathetic NS activity,ADH secretion, ventricular hypertrophy

53
Q

Angiotensin 2 in AT2recetopr

A

Increased NO,na excretion and decreased endothelial hypoxic injury,bp

54
Q

Late compensatory response

A

Cardiovascular remodeling

55
Q

Primary drug group of antihypertensive

A

ACE1,ARB,BAB, Diuretic, Calcium channel blockers

56
Q

Secondary drug group of antihypertensive agents

A

Central -SIRA,alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonist
Peripheral -alpha 1adrenoreceptor antagonists, Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist

57
Q

Hypotensive activity is done by

A

Decreased afterload through arterial dilation and decreased preload through venous dilation ((diastolic end vol) and decreased CMV through reduced chronotropy and inotropy

58
Q

Activity of ACE inhibitors

A

Cardiovascular remodeling, hypotension through vasodilation in both arteries and veins, decrease aldosterone secretion

59
Q

Uses of ACE inhibitors

A

Arterial hypertension,CHF,CHD, diabetic nephropathy (captopril)

60
Q

Side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

Dry cough (due to increased bradykinin) and hyperkalemia (decreased aldosterone), teratogenic

61
Q

ARB doesn’t affect

A

Bradykinin metabolism

62
Q

ARBs are

A

Valsartan, candesartan and losartan

63
Q

Clinical use of ARB

A

Arterial hypertension and CHF

64
Q

Side effects of ARB

A

Hyperkalemia and teratogenic

65
Q

ACE inhibitors and ARB are

A

Linked with RAAS activity

66
Q

Calcium channel blockers are

A

Arterial vasodilators

67
Q

Names of calcium channel blockers

A

Nifedipine, amlodipine,nicardipine

68
Q

Amlodipine duration of action

A

24hr

69
Q

Uses of calcium channel blockers

A

Arterial hypertension, prevention stable angina pectoris attack,CHD(vasospastic form)

70
Q

Side effects of calcium channel blockers

A

Constipation and peripheral edema(ankles)

71
Q

BAB action

A

Decrease CMV through decrease HR and contractions and decrease renin secretion,1;2gen cause reflex vasoconstriction,3rd generation cause peripheral arterial vasodilation

72
Q

Doxazosin action reduce pre and afterload ,so hypotensive effect,used in

A

Arterial hypertension

73
Q

Side effects of doxazosin

A

Reflector tachycardia and first dose orthostatic hypotension and syncope

74
Q

Imidazolin I1 receptor are located in

A

RVLM of medulla oblongata

75
Q

SIRA action

A

Decrease SNS activity

76
Q

Use of SIRA

A

Arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome (increase tissue insulin sensitivity)

77
Q

Clonidine side effects

A

Bradycardia, sedation,dryness of mouth

78
Q

Use of clonidine

A

Antihypertensive therapy in urgent situations

79
Q

Methyldopa cross BBB and is used for

A

Gestational hypertension

80
Q

Methyldopa acts on

A

Presynaptic alpha 2 autoreceptors

81
Q

Sodium nitroprusside action

A

Vasodilators and decrease pre and afterload through increased cGMP

82
Q

Sodium nitroprusside use

A

Hypertensive emergency

83
Q

Labetalol

A

Combined alpha and beta adrenoreceptor blocker

84
Q

Labetalol is used in

A

Urgent and emergency hypertension

Antihypertensive (1 decks)

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