Antihypertensive

Question 1

2 types of HTN

Answer 1

●1. Primary (Essential) HTN – 90%, idiopathic, but associated risk factors
●2. Secondary HTN – “RENVAP”.

Question 2

Stages of hypertension according to WHO

Answer 2

Normal : <120/80
Pre HTN : 120-139/80-89
Stage 1 : 140-159/90-99
Stage 2 : 160-179/100-109
Stage 3 : 180-209/110-119
Stage 4 : >210/120

Question 3

BP is affected by

Answer 3

●– the autonomic nervous system (fast)
●– the renin-angiotensin system (hours or days)
●– the kidneys (days or weeks)

Question 4

Classification of anti-hypertensive by site or mechanism

Answer 4

A. Sympatholytic drug
B. Calcium channel blockers (CCB)
C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme Inhibitors(ACEI)
D. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARB)
E. Vasodilators
F. Diuretics

Question 5

What are the beta blockers sypatholytics

Answer 5

◦Atenolol

◦Metoprolol

◦Nadolol

◦nebivolol

•Oxprenolol

•Pindolol

•Propranolol

•Timolol

Question 6

Cardio-selective/β1-selective blockers

Answer 6

●Acebutolol

●Atenolol

●Betaxolol

●Bisoprolol

●Esmolol

●Metoprolol

●Nebivolol

(Seloprolol)

Question 7

Non-selective β1/β2 sympatholytics

Answer 7

●Carvedilol

●Labetalol

●Nadolol

●Penbutolol

● Pindolol

●Propranolol

● Sotalol

● Timolol

(Carrteolol, buciprolol)

Question 8

alpha blockers sympatholytics

Answer 8

◦Doxazosin

◦Phentolamine

◦Indoramin

◦Phenoxybenzamine

◦Prazosin

◦Terazosin

◦Tolazosin

Question 9

Mixed adrenergic antagonist:

Answer 9

◦Carvedilol

◦Labetalol

◦Bucindolol

Question 10

Centrally acting agent/ α2 receptor agonist:

Answer 10

•α –Methyldopa

•Clonidine

•Guanabenz

•Guanfacine

•Moxonidine

Question 11

Adrenergic neuron blockers:

Answer 11

•Reserpine

•Guanadrel

Question 12

Calcium channel blockers

Answer 12

1. Dihydropyridines
   ◦Amlodipine

◦Cilnidipine

◦Felodipine

◦Isradipine

◦Lercanidipine

•Levamlodipine

•Nicardipine

•Nifedipine

•Nimodipine

•Nitrendipine

Question 13

Calcium channel blockers (2)

Answer 13

2. Non-dihydropyridines:
   •Diltiazem

•Verapamil

Question 14

Angiotensin-converting enzyme Inhibitors(ACEI)

Answer 14

◦Captopril

◦Enalapril

◦Fosinopril

◦Lisinopril

◦Benazepril

•Perindopril

•Quinapril

•Ramipril

•Trandolapril

Question 15

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists

Answer 15

◦Candesartan

◦Eprosartan

◦Irbesartan

◦Losartan

•Olmesartan

•Telmisartan

•Valsartan

Question 16

Vasodilators (1)

Answer 16

1.Arterial vasodilators

◦Hydralazine

◦Minoxidil

◦Diazoxide

Question 17

Vasodilators (2)

Answer 17

Sodium nitroprusside

Question 18

What are the types of Diuretics

Answer 18

1. Loop diuretics
   2 . Thiazide diuretics
2. Thiazide like diuretics
3. Potassium sparing diuretics

Question 19

1. Loop diuretics

Answer 19

◦Furosemide

◦Bumetanide

◦Ethacrynic acid

◦Torsemide

Question 20

2. Thiazide diuretics:

Answer 20

•Epitizide

•Hydrochlorothiazide

•Bendroflumethiazide

Question 21

3. Thiazide-like diuretics

Answer 21

•Indapamide

•Chlorthalidone

•Metolazone

Question 22

4. Potassium-sparing diuretics

Answer 22

•Amiloride

•Triamterene

•Spironolactone

Question 23

Where does alpha 2 agonist work

Answer 23

Vasomotor center

Question 24

Where does beta blockers work

Answer 24

Heart

Question 25

ACE inhibitors (A drugs)
Angiotensin receptor blockers (A drugs)
Calcium channel blockers (‘C’ drugs)
Diuretics (‘D’ drugs)
a,-Blockers (e.g. doxazosin)

Site of action

Answer 25

Vascular smooth muscle

Question 26

First step of treating HTN

Answer 26

may be non-pharmacologic.

Question 27

Treatment of patients with mild and moderate HTN

Answer 27

monotherapy with either of the following drugs can be sufficient.
●Thiazide diuretics
●Beta blockers
●Calcium channel blockers ,
●Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
●Central sympatholytic agents

Question 28

What are beta blockers preferred for

Answer 28

Beta-blockers are preferred in young patients,
high renin hypertension and patients with tachycardia or angina and hypertension.