Antihypertensive Flashcards
2 types of HTN
●1. Primary (Essential) HTN – 90%, idiopathic, but associated risk factors
●2. Secondary HTN – “RENVAP”.
Stages of hypertension according to WHO
Normal : <120/80
Pre HTN : 120-139/80-89
Stage 1 : 140-159/90-99
Stage 2 : 160-179/100-109
Stage 3 : 180-209/110-119
Stage 4 : >210/120
BP is affected by
●– the autonomic nervous system (fast)
●– the renin-angiotensin system (hours or days)
●– the kidneys (days or weeks)
Classification of anti-hypertensive by site or mechanism
A. Sympatholytic drug
B. Calcium channel blockers (CCB)
C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme Inhibitors(ACEI)
D. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARB)
E. Vasodilators
F. Diuretics
What are the beta blockers sypatholytics
◦Atenolol
◦Metoprolol
◦Nadolol
◦nebivolol
•Oxprenolol
•Pindolol
•Propranolol
•Timolol
Cardio-selective/β1-selective blockers
●Acebutolol
●Atenolol
●Betaxolol
●Bisoprolol
●Esmolol
●Metoprolol
●Nebivolol
(Seloprolol)
Non-selective β1/β2 sympatholytics
●Carvedilol
●Labetalol
●Nadolol
●Penbutolol
● Pindolol
●Propranolol
● Sotalol
● Timolol
(Carrteolol, buciprolol)
alpha blockers sympatholytics
◦Doxazosin
◦Phentolamine
◦Indoramin
◦Phenoxybenzamine
◦Prazosin
◦Terazosin
◦Tolazosin
Mixed adrenergic antagonist:
◦Carvedilol
◦Labetalol
◦Bucindolol
Centrally acting agent/ α2 receptor agonist:
•α –Methyldopa
•Clonidine
•Guanabenz
•Guanfacine
•Moxonidine
Adrenergic neuron blockers:
•Reserpine
•Guanadrel
Calcium channel blockers
-
Dihydropyridines
◦Amlodipine
◦Cilnidipine
◦Felodipine
◦Isradipine
◦Lercanidipine
•Levamlodipine
•Nicardipine
•Nifedipine
•Nimodipine
•Nitrendipine
Calcium channel blockers (2)
-
Non-dihydropyridines:
•Diltiazem
•Verapamil
Angiotensin-converting enzyme Inhibitors(ACEI)
◦Captopril
◦Enalapril
◦Fosinopril
◦Lisinopril
◦Benazepril
•Perindopril
•Quinapril
•Ramipril
•Trandolapril
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
◦Candesartan
◦Eprosartan
◦Irbesartan
◦Losartan
•Olmesartan
•Telmisartan
•Valsartan
Vasodilators (1)
1.Arterial vasodilators
◦Hydralazine
◦Minoxidil
◦Diazoxide
Vasodilators (2)
Sodium nitroprusside
What are the types of Diuretics
- Loop diuretics
2 . Thiazide diuretics - Thiazide like diuretics
- Potassium sparing diuretics
- Loop diuretics
◦Furosemide
◦Bumetanide
◦Ethacrynic acid
◦Torsemide
- Thiazide diuretics:
•Epitizide
•Hydrochlorothiazide
•Bendroflumethiazide
- Thiazide-like diuretics
•Indapamide
•Chlorthalidone
•Metolazone
- Potassium-sparing diuretics
•Amiloride
•Triamterene
•Spironolactone
Where does alpha 2 agonist work
Vasomotor center
Where does beta blockers work
Heart
ACE inhibitors (A drugs)
Angiotensin receptor blockers (A drugs)
Calcium channel blockers (‘C’ drugs)
Diuretics (‘D’ drugs)
a,-Blockers (e.g. doxazosin)
Site of action
Vascular smooth muscle
First step of treating HTN
may be non-pharmacologic.
Treatment of patients with mild and moderate HTN
monotherapy with either of the following drugs can be sufficient.
●Thiazide diuretics
●Beta blockers
●Calcium channel blockers ,
●Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
●Central sympatholytic agents
What are beta blockers preferred for
Beta-blockers are preferred in young patients,
high renin hypertension and patients with tachycardia or angina and hypertension.
