Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Antihyperintensive Drugs > Flashcards

Antihyperintensive Drugs Flashcards

0
Q

What condition caused by genetic factors, low birth weight, environmental factors, diabetes, drugs and kidney/cardio disease affects at least 1 in 4 adults?

A

Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Hypertension is a sustained systolic BP over ? or sustained diastolic BP over ? mmHg

A

140/90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why would having kidney/cv disease cause hypertension?

A

Can’t maintain electrolyte balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why would diabetes cause hypertension?

A

Increase in circulating fats = constricts arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hypertension is high blood pressure, which damages blood vessels. What 3 major things can this result in?
(Think vessels in brain, coronary blood vessels and pain in limbs)

A

Stroke
Ischemic Heart Disease
Peripheral Vascular Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blood Pressure = ? x ?

A

BP = cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Venous tone (diameter of vein) and blood volume (amount to pump) determines what?

A

Cardiac Output.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Heart rate and volume of blood pumped out of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the initial treatment strategy for hypertension?

A

LIFESTYLE
REDUCE weight, salt, alcohol, smoking, fatty foods, caffiene
MORE exercise, fresh fruit/veg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What part of the brain controls blood pressure?

A

The medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What detects how much blood is flowing through the carotid sinus/aortic arch?

A

Baroreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Baroreceptors tell the brainstem/medulla if blood pressure is too high. What does the medulla then do?

A

Tells the peripheral nervous system to dilate arterioles so that more blood can flow through. This reduces cardiac output by reducing TPR - once everything has normalised, the baroreceptors stop firing and everything calms down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Antihyperintensive drugs target the heart, brain and what 2 other targets?

A

Other than the heart and brain,
kidneys
blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What drugs target the kidneys, blood vessels, heart or brain to control blood pressure?

A

Hypertensive Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Antihypertensive drugs - ABCD: What do they stand for?

A

ACE Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Beta Blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers
Diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the kidney release as a response to low blood pressure?

A

Renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does renin do if it is released?

A

Releases A1. This converts to A2 in the blood stream which causes vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure.

A2 also causes the kidney to absorb more salt and water - this causes the release of aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the renin-angiotensin system want to achieve (in relation to BP)?

A

Vasoconstriction - to increase blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the name of the drug type that contain angiotensin converting enzyme?

A

ACE Inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What types of drugs are captopril, enalapril, trandolapril, ramipril and lisinopril?

A

ACE Inhibitors
(angiotenisin converting)

APRIL is an ACE month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do ACE inhibitors do?

A

Block ACE, which causes vasodilation.
(ACE is what converts A1 to A2)

This means they reduce peripheral resistance and therefore blood pressure also reduces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What types of drugs have the side effects of a persistent dry cough, rash, renal problems, possible hypotension and cannot be used in pregnancy?

A

ACE Inhibitors

22
Q

How do Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists work?

A

They selectively block AT1 receptors - so renin does not release A1 and it cannot be converted etc…
Therefore cannot cause constriction

23
Q

Why are angiotensin receptor antagonists better than ACE inhibitors?

A

They have fewer side effects

24
Q

What drugs result in side effects of mild dizziness and hyperkalaemia?

A

Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists

ARTAN - similar to ARA

25
Q

Beta-blockers act on the sympathetic nervous system. What do they usually end in?

A

LOL

26
Q

How do beta-blockers work as antihypertensives?

A

They bind to b1 receptors, reducing cardiac output. HEART.
They also bind to b2 receptors, so more blood goes to the KIDNEYS and less renin is secreted.
They also affect the vasomotor centre in the MEDULLA OBLONGATA, blocking vasoconstriction.

27
Q

Beta-blockers can be used in pregnancy, and act on the heart, kidneys and medulla. What are their side effects?

A

Remember that Beta-blockers affect the brain so more ‘mental’.

Lethargy, impaired memory, aching limbs in exercise, erectile dysfunction, aggravation of Raynaud’s disease and asthma.

28
Q

What drugs block the action of noradrenaline and adrenaline on both arteriolar and venous vessels so that they can dilate?

A

A Blockers - A1 antagonists

end in osin. Pet shop boys is this o sin???
A blockers? A band? Adrenaline?/Antagonising A1?

29
Q

What is the short acting prazosin and are the longer acting doxazosin and terazosin examples of?

A

A-blockers

30
Q

What type of antihypertensive drugs have the side effect of postural hypertension?

A

A-Blockers

31
Q

Which type of hypertensive drug works by decreasing AV node conduction, decreasing myocardial contractility, decreasing arterial tone (vasoconstriction) and decreasing heart rate?
(It blocks something that is used for this)

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

32
Q

There are 2 types of CCB. One of these are more potent on blood vessels than the heart, potentially causing headaches, flushing, dizziness and peripheral oedema.
Can you remember some examples of this type?

A

BLOOD VESSEL CCB = PINE

Nifedipine, amlodipine, nicardipine

33
Q

Verapamil and diltiazem are more potent on the heart than blood vessels, and may cause constipation, heart block and precipitate cardiac failure. What are they?

A

Calcium Channel Blockers - Antihypertensives

Mil loves Zem = heart

34
Q

What type of drug can interact with grapefruit juice resulting in a toxic dose?

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

The interaction stops an enzyme in the liver metabolising the drug

35
Q

What type of hypertensive drugs increase urine output, thereby decreasing blood volume, causing vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure?

A

Diuretics

36
Q

Antihypertensive thiazide-like diuretics tend to end in what?
What does one of the random ones end in just to throw you?

A

IDE (thiazide like remember?)
Indapamide and Bendroflumethiazide

Also chlortalidone - ONE = odd one out

37
Q

What type of antihypertensives have the side effects of hypokalaemia (reduced potassium), reduced insulin release, increased plasma lipids and urate (this leads to gout) and erectile dysfunction?

A

Thiazide diuretics

You are losing things in your urine, which increases acid in the plasma

38
Q

What are amiloride and spironolactone?

A

Potassium sparing diuretics

spiro=sparing?

39
Q

What are indapamide and chlortalidone?

A

Thiazide like diuretics

40
Q

What type of antihypertensive diuretic is used to treat severe hypertension or oedema?

A

Loop diuretics

severe= loopy

41
Q

Which type of antihypertensive can affect hearing, cause gout and hypokalaemia - and also has a short duration of action?

A

Loop diuretics

42
Q

What type of diuretic is furosemide?

A

Loop Diuretic

Loopy/furuity??

43
Q

What are hydrazaline, minoxidil and sodium nitroprusside/I.V. nitrates? When are they used?

A

Vasodilators. Used for hypertension when ABCD haven’t worked

44
Q

What is the name of a vasodilator that is short acting and is a non-selective potassium channel opener?

A

Hydrazaline - a antihypertensive

45
Q

What is the name of a powerful vasodilator that is used for extreme hypertension (and encourages hair growth!)?
Begins with M

A

Minoxidil

46
Q

When do we use I.V. nitrates and sodium nitroprusside as an antihypertensive?

A

Hospital emergencies

47
Q

What do hydrazaline, minoxidil and I.V. nitrates do to the smooth muscle in blood vessels when used for hypertension?

A

They cause relaxation of smooth muscle in blood vessels

48
Q

What antihypertensive drugs are first used for over 55 year olds or black patients?

A

C or D.

Erectile dysfunction and wee don’t affect you as much if you’re old

49
Q

What antihypertensive drugs are first used for under 55 year olds?

A

A or B

(not C or D) - more socially acceptable side effects for younger people

50
Q

If A (or C and D) antihypertensive drugs don’t work - what happens in stage 2 and 3 of multiple drug therapy?

A

Step 2 = A and C or A and D
so always A and one of the horrible ones

Step 3 = A and C and D
so far gone you can have all the horrible effects

51
Q

Which antihypertensive reduces heart rate, dilates arteries and reduces renin release?

A

B-Blockers

52
Q

Which antihypertensive reduces heart rate and dilates arteries but does not affect renin release?

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

53
Q

What drug increases urine output thereby decreasing blood volume?

A

Diuretics

Pharmacology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions