Antihyperglycemic Drug MOAs

Question 1

Sulfonylureas

Answer 1

Increase insulin release from beta-cells in pancreas by closing potassium ATP channels through the sulfonylurea receptor; insulin secretagogue

Question 2

Non-sulfonlyureas

Answer 2

Block ATP-sensitive potassium channels in beta cells to increase insulin release; insulin secretagogue

Question 3

Biguanide

Answer 3

Not fully understood: seems to increase insulin sensitivity (involves activation of AMPK)

Mechanism not dependent on functioning beta-cells

Question 4

Thiazolidinediones

Answer 4

Agonist at PPAR-γ: increase differentiation of adipocytes and encourages redistribution of fat from central to peripheral; also increases adiponectin secretion

Question 5

α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Answer 5

Delay digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in intestines, increasing amount that passes through GI

Question 6

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

Answer 6

Increase cAMP leads to increase in insulin synthesis and release in a glucose-dependent manner; slows gastric emptying and decrease feeding through satiety

Question 7

DPP-4 Inhibitors

Answer 7

Block degradation of GLP-1 and GIP by DPP-4, increasing their levels; GLP-1 receptor activation increases insulin synthesis and release in glucose-dependent manner in the beta-cells

Question 8

Amylin Analogs

Answer 8

Slows gastric emptying, decrease appetite, decreases glucagon release

Question 9

SGLT2 Inhibitor

Answer 9

Decreases glucose reabsorption from urine; insulin independent