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D3 Pharm > Antihistimines > Flashcards

Antihistimines Flashcards

1
Q

cimetidine (Tagamet)

A
  • H2 antagonist
    use: ulcers, gastric acid hypersecretion, decr stomach acid volume and [H+]
  • his the most side effects, binds to P-450
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2
Q

ranitidine (zantac)

A
  • H2 antagonist

use: ulcers, gastric acid hypersecretion, decr stomach acid volume and [H+]

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3
Q

famotidine (Pepcid)

A
  • H2 antagonist

use: ulcers, gastric acid hypersecretion, decr stomach acid volume and [H+]

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4
Q

Nizatidine (Axid)

A
  • H2 antagonist

use: ulcers, gastric acid hypersecretion, decr stomach acid volume and [H+]

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5
Q

diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A
  • H1 antagonist
  • uses: anti-inflammatory, rhinitis, itch
  • blocks vasodilation, permeability and itch-pain receptors
  • also anti-muscarinic (reduces salivary and bronchial secretion), pronounced sedation, also used as hypnotic, topical in caladryl
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6
Q

chlorpheniramine (Chlor-trimeton)

A
  • H1 antagonist
  • uses: anti-inflammatory, rhinitis, itch
  • blocks vasodilation, permeability and itch-pain receptors
  • less sedation than diphenhydramine
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7
Q

brompheniramine (dimetane)

A
  • H1 antagonist
  • uses: anti-inflammatory, rhinitis, itch
  • blocks vasodilation, permeability and itch-pain receptors
  • less sedation than diphenhydramine
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8
Q

fexofenadine (allegra)

A
  • 2nd generation cmpd, no sedation
  • -H1 antagonist
  • uses: anti-inflammatory, rhinitis, itch
  • blocks vasodilation, permeability and itch-pain receptors
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9
Q

cetirizine (zytec)

A
  • 2nd generation cmpd, no sedation
  • -H1 antagonist
  • uses: anti-inflammatory, rhinitis, itch
  • blocks vasodilation, permeability and itch-pain receptors
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10
Q

loratidine (Claritin)

A
  • 2nd generation cmpd, no sedation
  • P450 metabolism, therefore levels affect by anti fungal agents
  • -H1 antagonist
  • uses: anti-inflammatory, rhinitis, itch
  • blocks vasodilation, permeability and itch-pain receptors
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11
Q

which two drugs affect P-450

A

cimetidine (Tagamet)

loratidine (Claritin)

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12
Q

promethazine (Phergan®)

A

-Anti-emesis/
Blocks vasodilation, permeability
-Anti-muscarinic effects, sodium channel blockade, marked sedation

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13
Q
  • Anti-emesis

- Anti-muscarinic effects, sodium channel blockade, marked sedation

A

dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)

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14
Q
  • Anti-histamine release
  • Prophylaxis of asthma, rhinitis & conjunctivitis / Blocks hist. release
  • Not for acute attack
A

cromolyn

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15
Q

1) Which of the following drugs is an H1 receptor antagonist and blocks sodium channels?

A

b. Promethazine (Phenergan

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16
Q

2) Which of the following drugs reduces the secretion of HCl in the stomach?

A

c. Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

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17
Q

3) Which of the following drugs can be formulated in a dry powder inhaler to diagnose asthma?

A

d. Histamine

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18
Q

4) Which of the following drugs would an asthmatic use prophylactically?

A

a. Cromolyn sodium (Intal)

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19
Q

5) Which of the following drugs is prescribed for its antiemetic and anti-nausea properties?

A

b. Promethazine (Phenergan)

20
Q

6) Which of the following drugs is most effective for an acute bout allergic rhinitis and lacks sedative side effects?

A

c. Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

21
Q

7) The antiemetic properties of dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) are mediated through which mechanism?

A

d. Muscarinic receptor antagonism

22
Q

8) What is the correct answer regarding the signal transduction pathway mediating histamine’s actions at H1 and H2 receptors?

A

e. Histamine binding to H1 receptors leads to the formation of IP3, and histamine binding to H2 receptors leads to the formation of cyclic-AMP.

23
Q

9) Which statement about histamine is incorrect?
a. Can cause the triple effect
b. Can cause secretion of gastric HCl
c. Can cause intense headache
d. Can cause severe hypotension
e. Can cause degranulation of mast cells

A

e. Can cause degranulation of mast cells

24
Q

10) Which drug listed below is associated with the following side effects: diarrhea, constipation, anti-androgen effects, blood dyscrasias, and cholestasis?

A

a. Cimetidine (Tagamet)

25
Q

1) Promethazine (Phenergan) produces its antiemetic effects by blocking ________ and its local anesthetic effects by blocking ______.

A

E. the muscarinic receptor; sodium channels

26
Q

) Cromolyn sodium (Intal) produces its therapeutic effects over time because it ____________.

A

C. reduces the release of contents occurring during mast cell degranulation

27
Q

) Famotidine (Pepcid) reduces the secretion of HCl in the stomach because it __________.

A

B. is a selective H2 receptor antagonist

28
Q

) Which of the following drugs would be most effective for the acute symptomatic relief of allergic rhinitis, and causes minimal drowsiness?

A

A. cetirizine (Zyrtec

29
Q

) Which of the following drugs would be the most useful to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease?
A. diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

B. nizatidine (Axid)

30
Q

) Histamine is used for which of the following uses?

A

E. as a diagnostic tool for pulmonary function

31
Q

Which of the following drugs is used to prevent asthma attacks?

A

E. cromolyn sodium (Intal)

32
Q

Alcohol consumption would most likely augment the sedative effects of which of the following drugs?

A

C. diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

-(CNS depressant)

33
Q

) First generation H1 blockers are not used to treat which of the following conditions?

A

B. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

34
Q

. Fexofenadine (Allegra ) produces its therapeutic effects because it__________ and thereby _______.

A

. binds to H1 receptors; inhibits IP3 formation

35
Q 
Which of the following drugs has antiemetic effects?
A.	cetirizine (Zyrtec)
B.	famotidine (Pepcid)
C.	dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
D.	loratidine (Claritin)
E.	Cromolyn sodium
A

C. dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)

36
Q

Which of the following drugs would be most effective in preventing indigestion?

A

B. famotidine (Pepcid)

37
Q

Which of the following drugs would be most effective for the acute symptomatic relief of allergic rhinitis, while causing minimal drowsiness?

A

A. cetirizine (Zyrtec)

38
Q

Which of the following drugs is used to prevent allergic rhinitis symptoms, but is ineffective in blocking an acute allergic reaction?

A

E. Cromolyn sodium

39
Q
  1. Which one of the following statements is incorrect?
    A. Promethazine (Pheneragan) taken in combination with morphine can produce enhanced sedation.
    B. Promethazine (Pheneragan) can block sodium channels.
    C. Morphine can cause itching because it can directly cause the release of histamine.
    D. Repeated dosing of morphine can cause itching as the result of an allergic reaction.
    E. Second generation antihistamines (i.e., H1 receptor antagonists) are less likely to produce nonselective effects than first generation antihistamines because they have decreased brain penetrability.
A

D. Repeated dosing of morphine can cause itching as the result of an allergic reaction.

40
Q

Which one of the following statements about histamine is correct?
A. Histamine is inactivated by histidine decarboxylase.
B. Histamine increases gastric HCl secretion.
C. Histamine increases blood pressure.
D. Histamine relaxes the bronchioles.
E. Histamine causes sedation

A

B. Histamine increases gastric HCl secretion

41
Q

Indicate the mechanism of action by which the first generation antihistamine promethazine (Phenergan) prevents nausea and vomiting.

A

Inhibition of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.

42
Q 
Which of the following drugs would be most effective for the acute symptomatic relief of allergic rhinitis, and causes minimal drowsiness?
A.	cetirizine (Zyrtec)
B.	histidine decarboxylase 
C.	promethazine (Pheneragan)
D.	rantidine (Zantac)
E.	Cromolyn sodium
A

a

43
Q 
Which of the following drugs would be most effective in preventing indigestion?
A.	cetirizine (Zyrtec)
B.	histidine decarboxylase 
C.	promethazine (Pheneragan)
D.	rantidine (Zantac)
E.	Cromolyn sodium
A

d

44
Q 
Which of the following drugs is used for preanesthetic sedation and prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by anesthetic agents?
A.	cetirizine (Zyrtec)
B.	histidine decarboxylase 
C.	promethazine (Pheneragan)
D.	rantidine (Zantac)
E.	Cromolyn sodium
A

c

45
Q 
4) Which of the following drugs is used to prevent asthma attacks?
A.	cetirizine (Zyrtec)
B.	histidine decarboxylase 
C.	promethazine (Pheneragan)
D.	rantidine (Zantac)
E.	Cromolyn sodium
A

e

46
Q 
5. Alcohol consumption would most likely augment the sedative effects of which of the following drugs?
A.	cetirizine (Zyrtec)
B.	histidine decarboxylase 
C.	promethazine (Pheneragan)
D.	rantidine (Zantac)
E.	Cromolyn sodium
A

c

47
Q 
6).  Inhalation of a low dose of histamine is most likely to cause which of the following effects?
A.  hypotension
B.  hypertension
C.  intense headache
D.  bronchial constriction in asthmatics
E.  sedation
A

d

D3 Pharm (3 decks)

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