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Pharm 4 > Antihelminth > Flashcards

Antihelminth Flashcards

1
Q

nematodes (roundworms)

A

Ascaris

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2
Q

Trematodes (flukes)

A

Schistosoma

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3
Q

Cestodes (tapeworms)

A

Taenia

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4
Q

Roundworms

A

nematodes

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5
Q

flukes

A

trematodes

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6
Q

tapeworms

A

cestodes

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7
Q

Benzimidazoles - indications

A

nematodes (ascariasis, lymphatic filariasis - combo)

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8
Q

Lymphatic filariasis - treatment

A

Albendazole + ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine (1/yr x 5 yr)

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9
Q

Benzimidazoles - mechanism

A

inhibits microtubule polymerization (B-tubulin - cochicine)

Also inhibits glucose uptake, mitochondrial fumarate reductase, uncoupling of oxidative phosporylation

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10
Q

Benzimidazole - resistance

A

B-tubulin isotype 2, or type 1 has phen to tyrosine mute

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11
Q

Mebendazole - drug or prodrug?

A

Drug

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12
Q

Mebendazole - biologic activity

A

poor absorption, high 1st pass

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13
Q

Mebendazole - indications

A

GI tract infections (little systemic)

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14
Q

Albendazole - prodrug or drug?

A

Prodrug (converted to albendazole sulfoxide)

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15
Q

Albendazole - administration

A

PO, fatty food enhances

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16
Q

Albendazole - penetration

A

tissues and hydatid cysts

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17
Q

Albendazole - indications

A

GI and systemic

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18
Q

Benzimidoles - TOX

A

bone marrow suppression, alopecia, aminotransferase elevation, occipital seizures

19
Q

Benzimidoles - in pregnancy?

A

NO and not under 2 yrs

20
Q

Thiabendazole - TOX

A

CNS, hypersensitivy, asparagus odor urine

21
Q

Benzimidoles - drug drug rx

A

CYP inhibitors (cimetidine) cause toxic levels to build up

22
Q

Ivermectin - indications

A

onchocerciasis (river blindness - black fly) - q 6 months x 5-10 years + corticosteroids
+albendazole (adults) for lymphatic filariasis (microfilialcidal)
NOT for Loiasis (loa loa worm - eye - deer fly)
NOT against trematodes or cestodes

23
Q

Ivermectin - mechanism

A

activates glutamate -gated Cl channel (hyperpolarization)

24
Q

Ivermectin - metabolized

A 
CYP3A4 inhibs (cimetidine - incr bioavail)
CYP3A4 induce (phenytoin - decr bioavail)
25
Q

Ivermectin - resistance

A

P-glycoprotein transporter

Mute Cl

26
Q

Ivermectin - TOX

A

Mazzotti - lymph node (aspirin + antihistamines)

27
Q

IVermectin - CI

A

impaired BBB, Loa Loa

28
Q

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) - indications

A

Loiasis (kill both)

+albendazole (adults) for lymphatic filariasis (microfilariae)

29
Q

DEC - CI

A

Onchocerciasis

30
Q

DEC -special

A

only from CDC

31
Q

DEC - excretion

A

Renal, alkaline urine increases half life, watch out in renal dysfunction

32
Q

DEC - TOX

A

Mazzotti, proteinuria, leukocytosis, eosinophilia (steroids)

33
Q

Pyrantel pamoate - indications

A

luminal parasties (nematodes) larvae and adults (not eggs)

34
Q

Pyrantel pamoate - mechanism

A

depolarizing neuromuscular blocker - expels worm

35
Q

Pyrantel pamoate - administration

A

Poorly absorbed, eliminated in feces

36
Q

Pyrantel pamoate - TOX

A

neuromuscular blockade in host

37
Q

Praziquantel - special

A

Quinolone derivative

38
Q

Praziquantel - indications

A

trematode and cestode (drug of choice for schistosoma), adults and immature, NOT nematodes

39
Q

Praziquantel - mechanism

A

influx of Ca across tegument, antigen exposure and paralysis - detach

40
Q

Praziquantel - metabolism

A 
CYP3A4 inhibitors (cimetidine, incr bioavail)
CYP3A4 inducers (phenytoin, decr bioavail)
41
Q

Praziquantel - TOX

A

general systemic

42
Q

Praziquantel - in preg?

A

NO

43
Q

Praziquantel - caution?

A

in liver disease

44
Q

Praziquantel - CI

A

intraocular cysticercosis (pork tapeworm)

Pharm 4 (5 decks)

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