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Immunology. 5. Antigens. > Antigens. > Flashcards

Antigens. Flashcards

1
Q

Can antigens be part of PAMPs?

A

Yes, many PAMPs contain more that one antigen.

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2
Q

Will antigens always be part of a PAMP?

A

No, they can be molecules such as pollen or molecules from other animals.

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3
Q

What are 3 common antigens?

A

Antigens from PAMPs.

Self antigens.

Antigens on foreign molecules.

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4
Q

What are 4 things antigens can interact with?

A

B cells.

T cells.

Antibodies.

MHC molecules.

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5
Q

What part of a B cell or T cell will an antigen interact with?

A

A B or T cell receptor.

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6
Q

What region of an antibody will an antigen bind to?

A

The FAB region.

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7
Q

What happens when an MHC molecule binds to an antigen?

A

They can present the antigens to other immune cells.

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8
Q

Can T cells bind to any antigen?

A

No, they can only bind to an antigen after that particular antigen has been presented to them by an APC.

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9
Q

What part of an antigen presenting cell will antigens bind to?

A

The MHC complex.

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10
Q

What presents a new antigen to a T cell?

A

An MHC complex.

An APC.

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11
Q

What happens when an antigen is presented to a T cell by an MHC?

A

It promotes an immune response from the T cell.

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12
Q

What is the only way that a T cell can respond to an antigen?

A

If it gets presented that antigen by an MHC complex or an APC.

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13
Q

What part of a B cell recognises antigens?

A

Specialised receptors that are basically membrane bound antibodies.

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14
Q

Can B cells bind to free antigens without any stimulation?

A

Yes.

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15
Q

Do B cells need antigens to be presented to them before they can mount an immune response?

A

No, they can directly interact with antigens.

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16
Q

What are B cells known as once they have bound to an antigen?

A

As effector B cells or plasma cells.

17
Q

What is the function of B cells that are bound to antigen?

A

They produce specific antibodies that bind to more antigens.

18
Q

What is a humoral acquired immune response?

A

When B cells bind to antigens and secrete antibodies.

19
Q

When will T cells become effector T cells?

A

When they bind to an antigen.

20
Q

What 2 cells can be formed by effector T cells?

A

Cytotoxic T cells.

Helper T cells.

21
Q

How does a capsule protect bacteria?

A

It allows them to hide their antigens from the immune system.

22
Q

What are the 2 major properties that antigens have?

A

Immunogenicity.

Antigenicity.

23
Q

What are the properties of an antigen with good immunogenicity?

A

It can induce a strong immune response.

24
Q

What are the properties of an antigen with poor immunogenicity?

A

It cannot induce a strong immune response.

25
Q

What are the properties of an antigen with good antigenicity?

A

It is able to bind strongly to components of the immune system.

26
Q

What are the properties of an antigen with poor antigenicity?

A

It will not bind strongly to components of the immune system.

27
Q

What are the 2 properties of a good immunogen?

A

They must be large.

The must have complex repeating units and complex molecules on their exterior.

28
Q

How large must immunogens be in order to create an immune response?

A

At least 100 daltons.

29
Q

Are proteins and glycoproteins good immunogens?

A

Yes.

30
Q

Are lipids and nucleic acids good immunogens?

A

No.

31
Q

What is the only nucleic acid that is a good immunogen?

A

CpG motifs (bacterial DNA).

32
Q

What is the only lipid that is a good immunogen?

A

Bacterial LPS.

33
Q

What are CPG motifs?

A

Bacterial DNA.

34
Q

Why must good immunogens be relatively stable?

A

As they must remain in the body long enough to be picked up by the immune system.

35
Q

Are inert molecules good immunogens?

A

No, as they cannot provoke an immune response.

36
Q

How does the foreignness of an antigen dictate how good an antigen it is?

A

The more foreign an immunogen, the better it will be.

37
Q

What molecules are said to make the best antigens?

A

Foreign proteins.

38
Q

Will all immunogens be antigens?

A

Yes, but not all antigens are immunogenic.

This means some foreign molecules can bind to immune cells and not produce an immune response.

Immunology. 5. Antigens. (3 decks)

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