Antigens.

Question 1

Can antigens be part of PAMPs?

Answer 1

Yes, many PAMPs contain more that one antigen.

Question 2

Will antigens always be part of a PAMP?

Answer 2

No, they can be molecules such as pollen or molecules from other animals.

Question 3

What are 3 common antigens?

Answer 3

Antigens from PAMPs.

Self antigens.

Antigens on foreign molecules.

Question 4

What are 4 things antigens can interact with?

Answer 4

B cells.

T cells.

Antibodies.

MHC molecules.

Question 5

What part of a B cell or T cell will an antigen interact with?

Answer 5

A B or T cell receptor.

Question 6

What region of an antibody will an antigen bind to?

Answer 6

The FAB region.

Question 7

What happens when an MHC molecule binds to an antigen?

Answer 7

They can present the antigens to other immune cells.

Question 8

Can T cells bind to any antigen?

Answer 8

No, they can only bind to an antigen after that particular antigen has been presented to them by an APC.

Question 9

What part of an antigen presenting cell will antigens bind to?

Answer 9

The MHC complex.

Question 10

What presents a new antigen to a T cell?

Answer 10

An MHC complex.

An APC.

Question 11

What happens when an antigen is presented to a T cell by an MHC?

Answer 11

It promotes an immune response from the T cell.

Question 12

What is the only way that a T cell can respond to an antigen?

Answer 12

If it gets presented that antigen by an MHC complex or an APC.

Question 13

What part of a B cell recognises antigens?

Answer 13

Specialised receptors that are basically membrane bound antibodies.

Question 14

Can B cells bind to free antigens without any stimulation?

Answer 14

Yes.

Question 15

Do B cells need antigens to be presented to them before they can mount an immune response?

Answer 15

No, they can directly interact with antigens.

Question 16

What are B cells known as once they have bound to an antigen?

Answer 16

As effector B cells or plasma cells.

Question 17

What is the function of B cells that are bound to antigen?

Answer 17

They produce specific antibodies that bind to more antigens.

Question 18

What is a humoral acquired immune response?

Answer 18

When B cells bind to antigens and secrete antibodies.

Question 19

When will T cells become effector T cells?

Answer 19

When they bind to an antigen.

Question 20

What 2 cells can be formed by effector T cells?

Answer 20

Cytotoxic T cells.

Helper T cells.

Question 21

How does a capsule protect bacteria?

Answer 21

It allows them to hide their antigens from the immune system.

Question 22

What are the 2 major properties that antigens have?

Answer 22

Immunogenicity.

Antigenicity.

Question 23

What are the properties of an antigen with good immunogenicity?

Answer 23

It can induce a strong immune response.

Question 24

What are the properties of an antigen with poor immunogenicity?

Answer 24

It cannot induce a strong immune response.

Question 25

What are the properties of an antigen with good antigenicity?

Answer 25

It is able to bind strongly to components of the immune system.

Question 26

What are the properties of an antigen with poor antigenicity?

Answer 26

It will not bind strongly to components of the immune system.

Question 27

What are the 2 properties of a good immunogen?

Answer 27

They must be large. The must have complex repeating units and complex molecules on their exterior.

Question 28

How large must immunogens be in order to create an immune response?

Answer 28

At least 100 daltons.

Question 29

Are proteins and glycoproteins good immunogens?

Answer 29

Yes.

Question 30

Are lipids and nucleic acids good immunogens?

Answer 30

No.

Question 31

What is the only nucleic acid that is a good immunogen?

Answer 31

CpG motifs (bacterial DNA).

Question 32

What is the only lipid that is a good immunogen?

Answer 32

Bacterial LPS.

Question 33

What are CPG motifs?

Answer 33

Bacterial DNA.

Question 34

Why must good immunogens be relatively stable?

Answer 34

As they must remain in the body long enough to be picked up by the immune system.

Question 35

Are inert molecules good immunogens?

Answer 35

No, as they cannot provoke an immune response.

Question 36

How does the foreignness of an antigen dictate how good an antigen it is?

Answer 36

The more foreign an immunogen, the better it will be.

Question 37

What molecules are said to make the best antigens?

Answer 37

Foreign proteins.

Question 38

Will all immunogens be antigens?

Answer 38

Yes, but not all antigens are immunogenic. This means some foreign molecules can bind to immune cells and not produce an immune response.