antigen and antibody reaction

Question 1

agulutaion reaction : Ag condition
-types
-examples

Answer 1

-Ag is in particulate
1 -on slide : anstiserum is added and if agglutation occur (+)
examples :
- bateria (serotype e.coli salmonela )
-for parasite (serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis )
-for RBCs determining blood group
2-on tubes : for quantitive estimation of Ab (the most having the aglutation called titre )
examples:
-wildest test :typhoid fever (solmonella typhi )
3-latex : auto
H.iflenza
N.menintides
streptococci

Question 2

liquid pericipitation
-Ag condition
-positive resule
-examples

Answer 2

-Ag liquid
- white aglutions in the middle
-examples:
food industry
forenisc medicine
microbiological diagnosis
a.ascoli reaction -anthrax
b.vincet bellot reaction - meningococal
c.ring shape reaction - streptocooci

Question 3

gel (single and double diffusion )
usages

Answer 3

single diffsion :
Used - to measure IgA, M, G, complement components (C3)
and other substances in serum
double diffusio : Ag and Ab are placed in agar , they fuse Where optimal proportions occur (( lines of precipitation appear)).
-to indicate whether antigens are identical or related but not identical or not related

Question 4

counter imuno electrophoresis usages

Answer 4

to identify unknown Ags Ag Hbs,
pneumococcal polysaccharide in the blood of a patient with
pneumonia or in the cerebrospinal) or Abs

Question 5

**important
Complement Fixation Test
Complement : protein present in normal serum
-usage
-Ag status
-results
-examples

Answer 5

-for the identification of specific
antibodies
-Ag particulate or liquid
-if ag bind to ab complement will attach and the RBCs will not be hemolized
vers versa
-The classical Wassermann method ( cough diagnosis)
-ida Bengston method (Ab for typhus (exanthemas
fever), infections with Rickettsiae, Mycoplasma ,pneumoniae, Chlamydiae

Question 6

**important :neutrolization test

Answer 6

-ASLO :is used to measure the titer of antistreptolysine “O”
(ASLO)=antibody elicites by streptolysine “O” – a
virulent Ag (hemolysin) of Str. pyogene
-Normal values: < 250 U.I/mL
Elevated titers:
◦ Streptococcal/poststreptococcal diseases
◦ Acute glomerulonephritis
◦ Rheumatic fever
◦ Scarlet fever

Question 7

Tests which use labeled Ag/Ab

Answer 7

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE(IF)

Question 8

ELISA

Answer 8

used for Detection of Ag, Ab, hormones and
enzymes
indirect - HIV
sandwich - detect presence of Ag in a sample
competitive ??

Question 9

RADIOIMMUNOASSAY (RIA)

Answer 9

Uses of RIA
◦ For detection of: Hormones, enzymes,
tumour markers, IgE and viral Ag