Antifungals Flashcards
Function of polyenes
Bind ergosterol increasing membrane permeability
2 Examples of polyenes. How are they administered and what do they treat?
Nystatin- oral or topical for vaginal candidiasis
Amphotericin B- IV for disseminated fungal infections
*Fever and myalgia side effects
Function of -azoles
Inhibit cytochrome P-450 –> blocking ergosterol synthesis from lanosterol –> increased membrane permeability
Name 3 -azoles administered topically for superficial infections
miconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole
What do itraconazole, fluconazole, and voriconazole all have in common?
The treat SYSTEMATIC infections (like candidiasis, cryptococcus, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis)
What’s your best -azole option for treating invasive disease?
Voriconazol- it’s “better than” amphotericin B and well absorbed
What is the first step of ergosterol synthesis?
Demethylation of lanosterol catalyzed by cytochrome P450- depended 1,4-alpha demethylase
Function of caspofungin?
Inhibit glucan synthesis (a major cell wall component) –> reducing fungal growth or loss of resistance to osmotic pressure
What is caspofungin used to treat?
Apsergillosis and candida
Given IV
Function of flucytosine?
Inhibit DNA synthesis (nucleotide analog)
Given IV
Function of griseofulvin?
Binds to tubulin, involved in microtubule formation and prevents separation of chromosomes at mitosis. Does NOT affect human cells
What does griseofulvin treat?
Dermatophyte infections
What is the function of terbinafine?
Inhibit squalene epoxidase (ergosterol synthesis)
What does terbinafine treat?
AKA Lamisil- the gross toe nail commercial! Also our nail biting Wizard of Onychomycosis!
Treats dermatophyte infections
Tablet or cream
