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Pharmacology Unit 1 > Antifungal > Flashcards

Antifungal Flashcards

1
Q

4 classes of antifungals

A
  1. triazoles
  2. polyenes
  3. echinocandins
  4. flucytosine
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2
Q

Triazoles

  1. MOA?
  2. adverse effects?
  3. drug interactions?
A
  1. block synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting 14-alpha–sterol-demethylase
  2. relatively safe; possibly liver enzymes and GI
  3. CYP450 including mammalian CYP450
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3
Q

Fluconazole

  1. class?
  2. targeted use?
  3. PEARLS?
A
  1. Triazole
  2. susceptible Candidiasis

severe thrush/esophageal candidiasis

secondary treatment and prophylaxis for crytococcal meningitis

  1. triazole with lowest drug interaction potency
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4
Q

Itrazonazole

  1. class?
  2. targeted use?
A
  1. triazole

2. secondary treatment and prophylaxis of systemic histoplasmosis

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5
Q

Virconazole?

  1. class?
  2. targeted use?
  3. special side effects?
A
  1. triazole
  2. invasive aspergillosis
  3. visual disturbances
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6
Q

Posaconazole

  1. class?
  2. targeted use?
A
  1. triazole

2. prophylaxis of aspergillosis and candidiasis in immunocompromised patients

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7
Q

Amphotericin B

  1. class?
  2. MOA?
  3. PEARLS?
A
  1. polyene
  2. inhibition of ergosterol by generating pores
  3. good efficacy, poor tolerability
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8
Q

uses of amphotericin B?

A

broad spectrum

candida spp
aspergillus spp
zygomyces spp
hystoplasma
cryptococcus
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9
Q

adverse effects of amphotericin b?

A

nephrotoxicity, acute infusion related reactions, electrolyte abnormalities

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10
Q

Echinocandins

  1. -suffix?
  2. MOA?
  3. spectrum?
  4. pearls?
A
  1. -fungin
  2. inhibit synthesis of beta(1,3)-d-glucan (cell wall component)
  3. candida

refractory aspergillus

esophageal candida

empiric antifungal tx in neutropenic fever patients

  1. minimal side effects, hepatically eliminated
    EXCELLENT CANDIDA COVERAGE
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11
Q

Flucytosine

  1. MOA?
  2. spectrum?
  3. side effects?
A
  1. pyrimidine analog, inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
  2. narrow; Candida and cryptococcus species

used in combo with amphotericin B for cryptococcal meningitis

  1. “chemotherapy”
    bone marrow toxicity (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytppenia)

liver dysfunction

GI intolerances

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12
Q

with tinea infections, where does the dermatophyte usually invade?

A

stratum corneum, localized infections

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Pharmacology Unit 1 (5 decks)

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