Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm term 2 module 4 > Antifungal > Flashcards

Antifungal Flashcards

1
Q

Where are fungal infections most common

A

superficial on the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are superficial fungal infections

A

Pityriasis versicolor
Tinea nigra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some cutaneous fungal infections

A

dermatophytosis (Tineas)
Candidiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some subcutaneous fungal infections

A

sporotrichosis (Rose-gardners)
Chromomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some systemic fungal infections

A

coccidiomycosis
histoplasmosis
blastomycosis
cryptococcosis
systemic candidiasis
aspergillosis
Zygomycetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the groups of antifungals

A

Polyenes
Azoles
Echinocandins
Allylmines
Other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What drugs are polyenes

A

Amphotericin B
Nystatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What drugs are azoles

A

Clotrimazole
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Itraconazole
Posaconazole
Voriconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What drugs are echinocandins

A

Caspofungin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What drugs are allylamines

A

Terbinafine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What drugs are considered “other” antifungals

A

flucytosine
Griseofulvin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the MOA of amphotericin B

A

Lipophilic rod-like molecule that disrupts fungal cell wall by binding to sterols (ergosterol) = pores form in the membrane and K+ leaks out causing cellular death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What produces amphotericin B

A

Streptomycin Nodosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what amphotericin B used for

A

Severe invasive fungal infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is amphotericin B administered

A

IV- there is poor PO absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what kind of nephrotoxicity can amphotericin B cause

A

Azotemia from dose dependent decrease in GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can exacerbate amphotericin B nephrotoxicity

A

cyclosporin
tacrolimus
aminoglycosides
pre-existing renal insufficiency
hypotension

18
Q

What can reduce nephrotoxicity with amphotericin B

A

Saline loading
increased infusion time

19
Q

Why does K+, MG2+ need to be monitored with amphotericin B

A

Because renal tubular acidosis can occur from significant K+ and mag wasting

20
Q

What are adverse drug reactions of Amphotericin

A

Infusion related reaction (Incidence may decrease with future doses)

N/V
Anemia
phlebitis

21
Q

What drug is 5-FC

A

flucytosine

22
Q

What kind of drug is flucytosine

A

synthetic pyrimidine analog

23
Q

What is the MOA of 5-FC

A

inhibits thymidylate synthase and incorporates into fungal RNA disrupting nucleic acid and protein synthesis

24
Q

Why can 5-FC NOT be a monotherapy

A

Resistance is too high

25
Q

What is 5-FC given with

A

Synergistic with amphotericin for systemic mycosis / meningitis (caused by cryptococcus and candida)

Used with itraconazole for tx of chromoblastomycosis infections

26
Q

What is the PK of 5-FC

A

Good PO absorption
Penetrates CSF

27
Q

What are the adverse reactions for flucytosine

A

reversible neutropenia/thrombocytopenia

Dose related BM suppression
Reversible hepatic dysfunction
GI upset, N/V, Diarrhea (Common)

28
Q

What are the two groups of azoles

A

imadazoles
triazoles

29
Q

Which drugs are imidazole

A

ketoconazole
miconazole
Clotrimazole

30
Q

Which drugs are triazoles

A

Fluconazole
itraconaxole
voriconazole
posaconazole

31
Q

What is the MOA of imidazole

A

inhibits C-14 alpha-demethylase which blocks the demylenaton of Ianosterol to ergosterol = disruption of membrane structure

32
Q

Which imidazoles can only be used topically

A

Miconazole and clotrimazole (too toxic for systemic use)

33
Q

Which drug should ketoconazole NOT be used with

A

amphotericin B

34
Q

Which fungi can ketoconazole be used against

A

candida
histoplasmosis
blastomyces
coccidioides
*NOT aspergillus

35
Q

What impairs absorbtion of ketoconazole

A

Drugs that decrease gastric secretions

36
Q

What is the MOA of triazoles

A

Inhibits synthesis of cell membrane via fungal CYP450 inhibition similar to ketoconazole
*does not interfere with mammalian CYP450 enzymes

37
Q

What can fluconazole be used

A

Candida
Cryptococcus
neoformans
coccidiomycosis

38
Q

What are adverse reactions for fluconazole

A

N/V
Rash
Alopecia

39
Q

What are contraindications for fluconazole

A

teratogenic

40
Q

What is itraconazole the drug of choice to use against

A

histoplasmosis
blastomycosis
sporotrichosis

41
Q

What are drug interactions with itraconazole

A

warfarin
statins
phenytoin

42
Q

What is the BBW for itraconazole

A

if a patient with ventricular dysfunction and has onychomycosis, do not administer.. can make worse

Pharm term 2 module 4 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions