Antiepilepticos Flashcards

1
Q

Convulsion

A

cambio repentino en el comportamiento causado por la hipersincronizacion electrica de las redes neuronales en la corteza cerebral

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2
Q

Epilepsia

A

trastorno cronico caracterizado por crisis convulsivas recurrentes

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3
Q

Causas de convulsion

A
  • geneticos
  • trastornos del desarrollo, metabolicos primarios, degenerativos
  • neoplasias
  • desequilibrio electrolitico
  • hipo/hiperglicemia
  • hipoxia/isquemia
  • intoxicaciones
  • infecciones
  • trauma
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4
Q

GABA Neurotransmisor inhibitorio del SNC

A
  • responsable del tono muscular
  • sintetizado a partir del glutamato
  • neuronas que lo producen son GABAergicas
  • los receptores GABAa
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5
Q

Medicamentos que aumentan la cantidad de GABA

A
  • relajantes
  • sedantes
  • Anticonvulsivantes
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6
Q

Caracteristicas de antiepilepticos

A
  • NO curan la epilepsia (es una supresion temporal)
  • modifican la excitabilidad neuronal responsable de las crisis
  • favorecen la inhibicion sobre la excitacion por medio de los canales ionicos y asi previenen la ocurrencia
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7
Q

Anticonvulsivantes canales iónicos mecanismo de accion

A

Bloquean canales de sodio
Bloquean canales de calcio
Canales de potasio
Otros

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8
Q

Anticonvulsivantes (canales ionicos): Bloquean canales de sodio

A
  • fenitoina
  • carbamazepina
  • acido valproico
  • topiramato
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9
Q

Anticonvulsivantes (canales ionicos): Bloquean canales de calcio

A
  • ac. valproico

- gabapentina

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10
Q

Anticonvulsivantes (canales ionicos): Canales de potasio

A
  • defecto debil topiramato

- oxcarbacepina

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11
Q

Anticonvulsivantes (canales ionicos): Otros

A

union a proteina de membrana a las vesiculas presinapticas SV2A: Levetiracetam

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12
Q

Anticonvulsivantes GABAERGICOS: Directamente sobre receptores GABA A

A
  • Barbituricos: fenobarbital

- Benzodiazepinas: loracepam, diazepam

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13
Q

Anticonvulsivantes GABAERGICOS: Inhibiendo enzima glutamato descaxilasa (Glutamato en GABA)

A
  • Gabapentina

* Acido Valproico

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14
Q

Anticonvulsivantes GABAERGICOS: Inhibe recaptación de GABA:

A

Tiagabina

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15
Q

Anticonvulsivantes GABAERGICOS: Inhibe la GABA transaminasa

A

Vigabatrina

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