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Antiemetics > Antiemetics & Gut Motility Disorder Treatment > Flashcards

Antiemetics & Gut Motility Disorder Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

Example of an anti-muscarinic.

A

Hyoscine hydrobromide

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2
Q

Name three anti-histamines.

A
  1. Cinnarizine
  2. Cyclizine
  3. Promethazine
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3
Q

What are side effects of anti-histamines?

A

Drowsiness

Antimuscarinic effects

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4
Q

What type of emesis are anti-muscarinics used to treat?

A

Motion sickness

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5
Q

What are side effects of anti-muscarinics?

A

Constipation
Transient bradycardia
Dry mouth

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6
Q

What type of emesis are anti-histamines used to treat?

A

Motion sickness

Vestibular disorders

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7
Q

Which histamine receptors do the anti-histamines act as antagonists at?

A

H1 Histamine receptor

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8
Q

How can anti-muscarinics be administered?

A

Orally

Topically via a patch

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9
Q

Upon which region of the brain do the dopamine antagonists act?

A

Chemoreceptor trigger zone

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10
Q

What are the three sub-classes of dopamine antagonists?

A

Phenothiazines
Domperidone
Metoclopramide

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11
Q

Give 4 examples of phenothiazine dopamine antagonists.

A

Chlorpromazine
Perphenazine
Prochlorperazine
Trifluoperazine

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12
Q

What type of emesis are the dopamine antagonists active against and which in particular are they not active against?

A

Active against CTZ triggered vomiting

Not active against stomach induced vomiting

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13
Q

What are the phenothiazines also known as?

A

Antipsychotics

Neuroleptics

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14
Q

Give a primary example of a 5HT3 antagonist.

A

Ondansetron

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15
Q

Under what circumstances are 5HT3 antagonists used?

A

To treat N/V in postoperative patients and those receiving cytotoxins. Also used on cancer patients suffering from N/V as a side effect of their treatment

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16
Q

Give 2 examples of neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists.

A

Aprepitant

Fosaprepitant

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17
Q

When are neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists advised for use?

A

In chemotherapy associated N/V

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18
Q

Give an example of a synthetic cannabinoid.

A

Nabilone

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19
Q

When is nabilone used?

A

When a patient has been found to be resistant to primary antiemetic treatment; i.e. used second line

20
Q

What are common side effects of nabilone?

A

Drowsiness

Dizziness

21
Q

Give an example of a type of steroid used in anti-emesis.

A

Dexamethasone

22
Q

What are indications for the use of dexamethasone?

A

Cancer chemotherapy associated N/V

23
Q

What does dexamethasone cause when used in palliative care associated with cancer development?

A

Shrinkage of everything, including a metaplasia for example

24
Q

Name 2 other neuroleptics.

A

Haloperidol

Levomepromazine

25
Q

Outline the function of neuroleptics.

A

Reduction of nervous tension by depressing nervous function

26
Q

What type of laxative is (WTLI): Methylcellulose

A

Bulk

27
Q

WTLI: Bisacodyl

A

Stimulant

28
Q

WTLI: Dantron

A

Stimulant

29
Q

WTLI: Lactulose

A

Osmotic

30
Q

WTLI: Liquid paraffin

A

Softener

31
Q

WTLI: Arachis oil

A

Softener

32
Q

WTLI: Methylnaltrexone bromide

A

Peripheral opioid receptor antagonist

33
Q

WTLI: Ispaghula husk

A

Bulk

34
Q

WTLI: Macrogols

A

Osmotic

35
Q

If a patient presents to you with painful acute diarrhoea, what should you consider prescribing them?

A 
ORT for diarrhoea
Hyoscine butylbromoide (aka buscopan) or mebeverine - iow antispasmodics for pain
If ORT doesn't work, anti motility drugs may be indicated
36
Q

What are the three pharmacological options considered for the treatment of chronic diarrhoea?

A

Anti motility agents
Adsorbents
Bulk forming drugs

37
Q

Give 4 examples of anti motility agents.

A

Codeine
Co-phenotrope
Loperamide (imodium)
Morphine

38
Q

What is a contraindication of adsorbents?

A

Acute diarrhoea

39
Q

What are the indications for use of bulk forming drugs?

A

Control of diarrhoea associated with diverticular disease

40
Q

Give 3 examples of bulk forming drug.

A

Ispaghula
Methyl cellulose
Sterculia

41
Q

What is common practice on the treatment of gallstones?

A

Laparoscopy - lap chole

42
Q

What drug can be used to dissolve gallstones?

A

Ursodeoxycholic acid

43
Q

Name another drug that reduces the amount of free flowing billirubin.

A

Cholestyramine - reduces itch

44
Q

What type of drug is cinnarizine?

A

Anti-histamine

45
Q

What type of drug is chlorpromazine?

A

Phenothiazine dopamine antagonist

46
Q

What type of drug is hyoscine hydrobromide?

A

Anti-muscarinic

47
Q

What class of drug does ondansteron belong to?

A

5HT3 antagonists

Antiemetics (1 decks)

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