Antiemetics, Antacids, and Antihistamines Flashcards
What two medications (and what doses) are included in a GI cocktail?
30 mL of Maalox and 10 mL of 2% Viscous Lidocaine
What is Maalox comprised of, and what is its purpose?
Aluminum and magnesium hydroxide; it is an antacid used to neutralize stomach acid and treat the symptoms of GERD
What is 2% Viscous Lidocaine, and what is it typically used for at TAUC?
It is a local anesthetic typically used to treat pain in the mouth, throat, and esophagus. It can be combined with Maalox to make a GI cocktail.
What should you tell patients before administering 2% Viscous Lidocaine?
Tell them them that it may cause numbing of the lips, mouth, and tongue.
What is another name for Regaln?
Metroclopramide
What is another name for Metroclopramide?
Reglan
What is Metroclopramide and what is it used for?
It is an antiemetic used to treat severe nausea and vomiting, migraines, and the symptoms associated with GERD.
What is the dose and what are the appropriate routes for administering Reglan?
10 mg IM or IVPB in a 500-1000 mL normal saline IV bag
Which route should Reglan never be administered by? Why?
Slow IV push, because it can cause involuntary muscle movements (tardive diskinesia) if administered by this route.
What are the side effects of Metroclopramide?
It can cause tardive diskinesia if administered by IV push. Only administer by IM or IVPB.
What is another name for Ondansetron?
Zofran
What is Ondansetron and what is it used for?
It is an antiemetic used to treat nausea and vomiting.
What are the possible side effects of Zofran?
It can cause constipation with prolonged use.
In what doses and by what routes is Zofran administered?
4 mg IM or IV
What is another name for Famotidine?
Pepcid
What is Famotidine and what is it used for?
It is an antacid and antihistimine; it is used to treat severe allergic reactions or to treat the symptoms of GERD.
By what route should Famotidine never be administered?
It should never be administered by IV push or IM, because it may cause a prolonged QT interval or other cardiac arrhythmia if administered too quickly. Only administer by IVPB.
In what dose and by what route should Pepcid be administered?
20-40 mg IVPB in a 500-1000 mL normal saline IV bag
What are the cautions for administering Pepcid?
It may cause a prolonged QT interval or other cardiac arrhythmia if administered too quickly. Only administer by IVPB.
What is another name for Diphenhydramine?
Benadryl
What is Diphenhydramine and what is it used for?
It is an antihistamine used to treat allergic reactions or anaphylaxis.
In what dose and by what route should Benadryl be administered?
25-50 mg IM or slow IV push
What are the side effects of Benadryl? How can they be minimized?
Sedative side effects (be sure patient and/or family is aware of this). Dilute and deliver slowly to minimize side effects.
What is another name for Benadryl?
Diphenhydramine
What is another name for Promethazine?
Phenergan
What is another name for Phenergan?
Promethazine
By what route should Phenergan never be administered? Why?
By IV, because it can cause tissue necrosis in administered intravenously. ALWAYS ADMINISTER IM.
What is the appropriate dose and route for administering Promethazine?
12.5 to 25 mg IM only
What is Phenergan stocked in?
25 mg/mL ampoules
What are the potential side effects of Promethazine?
1) May cause drowsiness (confirm that patient is not driving prior to administering).
2) May cause irritability in geriatric patients.
What is Phenergan and what is it used for?
It is an antiemetic and antihistamine. It is usually used to treat nausea and vomiting. Can be used as an antihistamine to treat itching and hives.
