Antidiabetic Drugs

Question 1

What Class of drug is metformin

Answer 1

Biguanide

Question 2

Name the sulfonylureas

Answer 2

1) Long acting: Glibenclamide

2) Short-acting: Gliclazide and tolbutamide

Question 3

What is the drug class of Glibenclamide?

Answer 3

Long acting sulfonylurea

Question 4

Which sulfonylurea is suitable in pregnancy?

Answer 4

Glibenclamide

Question 5

Glibenclamide isnt recommended in?

Answer 5

The elderly as it promotes hypoglycaemic episodes and confusion

Question 6

Side effect of sulfonylureas?

Answer 6

They can encourage weight gain

Question 7

Sulfonylureas are only effective when?

Answer 7

some residual pancreatic beta-cell activity is present, sulfonylureas act mainly by augmenting insulin secretion

Question 8

What is the drug class of Acarbose and what is the MOA?

Answer 8

• Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitor

- Delays digestion and absorption of starch and sucrose

Question 9

What is the main side effect of Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 9

Flatulence

Question 10

Name the Meglitinides/Prandial Glucose regulators?

Answer 10

• Repaglinide

- Nateglinide

Question 11

Discuss Meglitinides onset and duration of action

Answer 11

Both Repaglinide and Nateglinide have a fast onset of action and a short duration of action

Question 12

What class is Pioglitazone?

Answer 12

Thiazolidinedione/ Glitazone

Question 13

Risks of pioglitazone?

Answer 13

Risk of heart failure, Bladder cancer and hepatotoxicity; Patient should report any nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine or fatigue

Question 14

Name the DPP4 inhibitors?

Answer 14

1- Sitagliptin
2- Saxagliptin
3- Linagliptin
4- Vildagliptin
5- Alogliptin

Question 15

DPP4 inhibitor patients should report signs of?

Answer 15

-Pancreatitis: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, increased heart rate, fever

Question 16

Name the 8 main classes of antidiabetic drugs

Answer 16

1- GLP-1 receptor agonist
2- Meglitinide/prandial glucose regulator
3- Biguanide
4- Liptin/DPP4 inhibitor
5- Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitor
6- Sulfonylurea
7- Thiazolidinedione/ Glitazone
8- SGLT-2 inhibitor

Question 17

Which antidiabetic is first line unless C/I

Answer 17

Metformin

Question 18

Metformin MOA and advantage of metformin

Answer 18

• Decresases Gluconeogenisis

- doesnt promote weight gain and thus can be used in over weight patients

Question 19

Explain Metformins effect on glycaemic control

Answer 19

-Antihyperglycaemic effect
-lowers both basal and postprandial blood-glucose concentrations
It does not stimulate insulin secretion
and therefore when given alone does not cause hypoglycaemia