Antidepressants and Anxiolytics Flashcards
List examples of monamine transmitters.
Serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine.
What is an example of a condition caused by a dopamine deficiency?
Parkinson’s
List some examples of treatments for depression
Counselling Pyschotherapy MOAIs Tricyclic drugs SSRIs Electroconvulsive therapy.
Explain monamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)
Non-selective blockers of the metabolism of all monamines.
Last line intervention for people with severe depression.
What are examples of monamine oxidase inhibitors?
Phenelzine
Tranylcypromine.
What are the side effects of MAOIs?
Significantly raises BP, should therefore not be used in conjunction with drugs that raise BP
Increase levels of tyramine- increasing noradrenaline and BP causing hypertension.
Cause serotonin syndrome when mixed with SSRIs.
Cause weight gain, oedema, sexual dysfunction and sedation.
When should MAOIs not be used?
If pregnant.
Impaired renal or hepatic function
Hypertension.
Explain Tricyclic antidepressants.
The most useful at treating major depressive episodes.
Non-selectively block the reuptake of noradrenaline and serotonin.
What are examples of tricyclic antidepressants.
Imipramine
Amitirtline
Doxepin
What are the side effects of tricyclic antidepressants?
Weight gain Sexual dysfunction Inhibition of cytochrome P450. Sedation Dry mouth Constipation.
When should tricyclic antidepressants not be used?
MI, Coronary heart disease.
Explain SSRIs.
Selective Serotonin uptake inhibitors.
Therapeutic effect is delayed 2-4 weeks although the effect on serotonin is almost instant.
What are examples of SSRIs?
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Citalopram.
What are the adverse effects of SSRIs?
Dependence on withdrawal
Sexual dysfunction
When mixed with MAOIs cause serotonin syndrome.
Not to be mixed with warfarin.
What are examples of miscellaneous antidepressants?
Bupropion.
Venlafaxine.
List examples of mood stabiliser antipsychotics.
Lithium carbonate
Lithium citrate
Carbamazine
Valproate.
Explain anxiolytics.
Non-specific CNS depressants used to treat anexiety.
Alleviate symptoms of distress but do not affect underlying cause.
Dose dependent
Allosteric inhibitor.
Explain sedative hypnotics.
A type of anxiolytic.
Used to treat insomnia or used before surgery.
What are examples of sedative-hypnotics.
Thiopental.
Secobarbital
Phenobarbital
Zolpidem
What are the adverse effects of sedative hypnotics?
Avoid CNS depressants.
Check for suicidal tendencies.
Drowsiness
Dependence.
Explain benzodiapans.
Type of anxiolytic.
Effective as does not over sedate and has low incidence tolerance with safe therapeutic index.
Used to treat anxiety and seizures.
What are examples of benzodiazepines.
Diazepam-
drugs that end in pam.
What are the adverse effects of benzodiazepines?
Renal and hepatic dysfunction.
Glaucoma
Pregnanexe
Date rape effects.
Explain non-benzodiaepine anxiolytics.
Short term treatment used in conjunction with other drugs.
What is an examples of non-benzodiazepines.
Busprione.
What are the adverse effects of non-benzodiazepines?
Increase effects of CNS depressants and sedatives- never use with MAOIs.
Causes fatal hypertension.
Explain typical antipsychotics.
Two classes- phenothiazines and butyropenones.
Relieve symptoms of positive schizophrenia.
Act on dopamine.
What are examples of typical antipsychotic neuroleptics?
CHlorpromazine
Fluphenazine
Haloperidol
Loxapine
End in ine.
What are the adverse effects of typical antipsychotics.
Parkinsonism Tardive dyskinesia. Sedation Hypotension Impaired themoregulation. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Explain atypical antisychotis.
Treat positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
What are the adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics.
CNS depressents Hypotention Weight gain Glaucoma PU Urinary retention Photophobia.
