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Mand's Pharmacology > Antidepressants and Anxiolytics > Flashcards

Antidepressants and Anxiolytics Flashcards

1
Q

List examples of monamine transmitters.

A

Serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine.

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2
Q

What is an example of a condition caused by a dopamine deficiency?

A

Parkinson’s

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3
Q

List some examples of treatments for depression

A 
Counselling 
Pyschotherapy
MOAIs
Tricyclic drugs
SSRIs
Electroconvulsive therapy.
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4
Q

Explain monamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)

A

Non-selective blockers of the metabolism of all monamines.

Last line intervention for people with severe depression.

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5
Q

What are examples of monamine oxidase inhibitors?

A

Phenelzine

Tranylcypromine.

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6
Q

What are the side effects of MAOIs?

A

Significantly raises BP, should therefore not be used in conjunction with drugs that raise BP
Increase levels of tyramine- increasing noradrenaline and BP causing hypertension.
Cause serotonin syndrome when mixed with SSRIs.

Cause weight gain, oedema, sexual dysfunction and sedation.

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7
Q

When should MAOIs not be used?

A

If pregnant.
Impaired renal or hepatic function
Hypertension.

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8
Q

Explain Tricyclic antidepressants.

A

The most useful at treating major depressive episodes.

Non-selectively block the reuptake of noradrenaline and serotonin.

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9
Q

What are examples of tricyclic antidepressants.

A

Imipramine
Amitirtline
Doxepin

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10
Q

What are the side effects of tricyclic antidepressants?

A 
Weight gain
Sexual dysfunction
Inhibition of cytochrome P450. 
Sedation
Dry mouth
Constipation.
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11
Q

When should tricyclic antidepressants not be used?

A

MI, Coronary heart disease.

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12
Q

Explain SSRIs.

A

Selective Serotonin uptake inhibitors.

Therapeutic effect is delayed 2-4 weeks although the effect on serotonin is almost instant.

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13
Q

What are examples of SSRIs?

A

Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Citalopram.

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14
Q

What are the adverse effects of SSRIs?

A

Dependence on withdrawal
Sexual dysfunction
When mixed with MAOIs cause serotonin syndrome.
Not to be mixed with warfarin.

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15
Q

What are examples of miscellaneous antidepressants?

A

Bupropion.

Venlafaxine.

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16
Q

List examples of mood stabiliser antipsychotics.

A

Lithium carbonate
Lithium citrate
Carbamazine
Valproate.

17
Q

Explain anxiolytics.

A

Non-specific CNS depressants used to treat anexiety.
Alleviate symptoms of distress but do not affect underlying cause.
Dose dependent
Allosteric inhibitor.

18
Q

Explain sedative hypnotics.

A

A type of anxiolytic.

Used to treat insomnia or used before surgery.

19
Q

What are examples of sedative-hypnotics.

A

Thiopental.
Secobarbital
Phenobarbital
Zolpidem

20
Q

What are the adverse effects of sedative hypnotics?

A

Avoid CNS depressants.
Check for suicidal tendencies.
Drowsiness
Dependence.

21
Q

Explain benzodiapans.

A

Type of anxiolytic.
Effective as does not over sedate and has low incidence tolerance with safe therapeutic index.
Used to treat anxiety and seizures.

22
Q

What are examples of benzodiazepines.

A

Diazepam-

drugs that end in pam.

23
Q

What are the adverse effects of benzodiazepines?

A

Renal and hepatic dysfunction.
Glaucoma
Pregnanexe
Date rape effects.

24
Q

Explain non-benzodiaepine anxiolytics.

A

Short term treatment used in conjunction with other drugs.

25
Q

What is an examples of non-benzodiazepines.

A

Busprione.

26
Q

What are the adverse effects of non-benzodiazepines?

A

Increase effects of CNS depressants and sedatives- never use with MAOIs.
Causes fatal hypertension.

27
Q

Explain typical antipsychotics.

A

Two classes- phenothiazines and butyropenones.
Relieve symptoms of positive schizophrenia.
Act on dopamine.

28
Q

What are examples of typical antipsychotic neuroleptics?

A

CHlorpromazine
Fluphenazine
Haloperidol
Loxapine

End in ine.

29
Q

What are the adverse effects of typical antipsychotics.

A 
Parkinsonism
Tardive dyskinesia. 
Sedation
Hypotension
Impaired themoregulation. 
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
30
Q

Explain atypical antisychotis.

A

Treat positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

31
Q

What are the adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics.

A 
CNS depressents
Hypotention
Weight gain
Glaucoma
PU
Urinary retention
Photophobia.

Mand's Pharmacology (12 decks)

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