Anticonvulsants and Behavior modification drugs Flashcards
Which are the acute anticonvulsants?
› Benzodiazepines
› Pentobarbital
› Propofol
Which anticonvulsants are used for more chronic treatment?
Phenobarbital
Potassium bromide
Gabapentin
What anticonvulsant can be used as an add on treatment?
Gabapentin
Compare the mechanisms of action of phenobarbital and potassium bromide
Phenobarbital MOA: Inhibitory GABAergic synapse
KBr: Br competes with Cl, Cell membrane hyperpolarization
What are the side effects of phenobarbital and potassium bromide?
Both:
› Dose-dependent sedation and ataxia
› Polyphagia, PU/PD
Phenobarbital:
› Hepatoxicity (ALT > ALP)
› Reversible bone marrow dyscrasias
KBr:
› Pruritic skin lesions
› Vomiting
› Pancreatitis (dogs)
› 40% cats - eosinophilic bronchitis
What are the potential drug interactions associated with phenobarbital or potassium?
Phenobarbital:
Digoxin
Glucocorticoids
Phenobarbital
Thyroid hormone
KBr: NONE
What order would you use the acute anti-convulsants and what types of drugs are they? What are the side effects associated with the use of each acute anticonvulsant?
Benzodiazepine: first-line, sedation side effect
If seizures continue, go to barbituate (Pentobarbitol) or anesthetic (propofol) both have side effects of respiratory/CV depression and require close clinical monitoring
What are the 5 main groups of behavior modifying drugs/agents?
Antipsychotics, sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants, pheromones
Which drugs are antipsychotics?
Phenothiazines
Which drugs are sedatives?
Gabapentin
Dexmedetomidine oromucosal gel
Which drugs are anxiolytics?
Benzodiazepines
Which drugs are antidepressants?
Selegiline
Amitriptyline
Clomipramine
Fluoxetine
Trazodone
What are 2 examples of pheromones?
- Feline facial pheromone
- Dog appeasement pheromone
What is the MOA of the antipsychotics?
Phenothiazines: Dopamine antagonist
What is the MOA of the anxiolytics?
Benzodiazepines:
Regulates release of
* Norepinephrine
* Serotonin
* Dopamine
