anticoagulants Flashcards
1
Q
Anticoagulants
A
- disrupt the coagulation cascade, thereby suppressing the production of fibrin and prevents thrombosis in the VEINS
- includes medications like heparin, warfarin, and dabigatran
2
Q
Unfractioned Heparin
A
- rapid acting anticoagulant that is administered by injection only
- used in all types of scenarios with emoblisms and thrombosis, most importantly it is the preferred anticoagulant during pregnancy
- adverse effects include hemorrhage, heparin induced thrombocytopenia, and hypersensitive reactions
- DO NOT GIVE IF thrombocytopenia, uncontrolled bleeding, during or after surgery
- antidote is protamine sulfate
3
Q
LMW Heparin
A
- basically a shorter acting Heparin
- used in prevention of DVT, treatment of DVT, and prevention of ischemic complications
- administered SubQ
- same antidote as heparin
- can be given at home without monitoring
- same basic adverse effects as unfractioned heparin
4
Q
Warfarin (Coumadin)
A
- oral anticoagulant
- vitamin k antagonist that is used to prevent thrombosis (only useful for long term, not short term)
- when monitoring treatment must monitor prothrombin time and INR
- adverse effects include hemmorrhage, SEVERE PROBLEMS DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
- interacts with other anticoagulants, drugs that promote bleeding, heparin, aspirin, and acet
- overdose is treated with vitamin k
5
Q
Direct thrombin inhibitors
A
- provide direct inhibition of thrombin unlike heparin which enhances the activity of antithrombin
- includes pradaxa which is the most common drug
- does not require monitoring of anticoagulation, little risk of adverse reactions, and same does can be used for all patients
- can be used for afib, prevention of clot formation, DVT, etc.
- most common adverse effect is bleeding
6
Q
Direct Factor Xa inhibitors
A
- produce selective inhibition of factor Xa
- most common is Xarleto
- given orally
- treats DVT and pulmonary embolism
