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1 IBLS pharmacology > Anticancer Drugs > Flashcards

Anticancer Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Name common side effects of Anticancer drugs

A

• Bone marrow toxicity with
decreased leucocyte production and thus
decreased resistance to infection
• Impaired wound healing
• Loss of hair (alopecia)
• Damage to the gastrointestinal epithelium
• Depression of growth in children
• Sterility
• Teratogenicity
• Cardiotoxicity with some drugs like doxorubicin

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2
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma TTT

A

Adriamycin, doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine ± rituximab
• Radiation Therapy

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3
Q

Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma TTT

A

cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone ± rituximab
• Radiation Therapy

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4
Q

Two classifications of drugs

A

Cell cycle-specific agents
Cell cycle-Non specific agents

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5
Q

Cell cycle-specific agents, name them

A

Antimetabolites
Topoisomerase inhivitors
Vinca alkolids
Antimicrotubular inhibitors

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6
Q

Cell cycle- Non specific agents, name them

A

Alkylating agents
Antitumor antibiotics
Platinum analogues
Anthracyclins

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7
Q

Alkylating agents include?

A

chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, and dacarbazine

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8
Q

Drug that act in part as alkylating agents is?

A

Cisplatin

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9
Q

alkylating agents Mechanism of action? And what’s The major site of action within DNA?

A
  • Combine w DNA —> Damage malignant and dividing normal cells
  • Guanine
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10
Q

alkylating agents clinical use and adverse effects?

A

• Clinical Uses: Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, leukemia, and other cancers like breast cance
• Adverse effects: myelosuppression, gastrointestinal tract-like diarrhea, reproductive system toxicity, and secondary malignancies

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11
Q

Antimetabolites includes?

A

Methotrexate
mercaptopurine
Fluorouracil

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12
Q

In addition to their cytotoxic effects on neoplastic cells the antimetabolites also have?

A

immunosuppressant actions

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13
Q

Methotrexate mechanism of action?

A

Binds with DHFR results in inhibition of the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate THF so all Thymidylate, purine nucleotides, the amino acid series are inhibitid
This interferes w the formation of DNA, RNA and key cellular proteins

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14
Q

Methotrexate is used to Treat?

A

lymphomas

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15
Q

Methotrexate adverse effects?

A

Mucositis, diarrhea, myelosuppression with
neutropenia and thrombocytopenia

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16
Q

Natural product anticancer drugs includes?

A

Vincristine and Vinblastine

17
Q

Vincristine and Vinblastine Mechanism of action and uses?

A

Inhibits mitosis, useful lymphoma, leukemia, and breast cancer

18
Q

Vincristine and Vinblastine side effects?

A

Nausea and vomiting, Myelosuppression,
mucositis, alopecia, inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone,etc.

19
Q

Antitumor antibiotics includes?

A

Bleomycin
Doxorubicin

20
Q

Bleomycin mechanism of action and uses?

A

M. Of Action: Oxygen free radicals bind to DNA causing DNA breaks
Uses: Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, germ cell cancer, head, and neck cancer

21
Q

Bleomycin Side effects

A

Allergic reactions, fever, hypotension, Skin
toxicity,pulmonaryfibrosis,mucositis,alopecia

22
Q

O

A

Doxorubicin

23
Q

Doxorubicin mechanism of action

A

Oxygen free radicals bind to DNA causing strand
DNA breaks Inhibiting topoisomerase II and intercalating into DNA

24
Q

Doxorubicin uses and side effects?

A

Uses: Breast cancer, Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, soft tissue sarcoma, ovarian cancer, non-small cell and small cell lung cancer, thyroid cancer, Wilms’ tumor, neuroblastoma
Side effects: Nausea, red urine (not hematuria) Cardiotoxicity, alopecia, myelosuppression, stomatitis

25
Q

Imatinib mechanism of action/Uses/Side effects?

A

• Mechanism of action includes Inhibition of Bcr-Abl
tyrosinekinase and other receptor tyrosinekinases
• Uses:Leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumor
• Side effects: Nausea and vomiting, Fluid retention with edema, diarrhea, myalgias, congestive heart failure

26
Q

Rituximab is a? What its mechanism?

A

monoclonal antibody

Mechanism: Rituximab binds to CD20 protein which is present on the B cells and induces cell lysis, direct cytotoxicity, and
inductionofapoptosis.

27
Q

Rituximab Uses and side effects?

A

Uses: It is currently used with conventional anticancer drugs in lymphomas. Sideeffects:Hypersensitivity reactions and myelosuppression

28
Q

Prednisone is a? What’s it’s mechanism?

A

• When glucocorticoids enter the cell after passive
diffusion and bind to the GR in the cytoplasm, a
(GR/GC)complex is formed.
• Subsequently, GR/GC complex binds to the DNA and initiates theanticanceractivity

29
Q

Prednisone needs what to be sufficient?

A

Needs conversion to prednisolone via metabolism process

1 IBLS pharmacology (2 decks)

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