Anticancer Flashcards
How is allopurinol used in tumor lysis syndrome?
prevents uric acid formation
How is rasburicase used in tumor lysis syndrome?
degrades uric acid to soluble allantoin
What is the difference between cell cycle specific and nonspecific?
specfic: drug targets are only there during certain phases.
non specfic: there are all time/regardless of phase
How do alkylating agents work?
leave behind a chemical moiety bound to DNA to destroy the 3D topology and prevent cell division
What is the active part of alkylating agents?
chloroethyl
Where do alklylating agents bind to DNA?
N7 guanine–> guanine excision–> miscoding, no division
How do cells develop resistance to Bis(chlorethyl) amines?
decrease in uptake, decrease in activation, increase in inactivation, increase in repair
What are some toxicities found with alkylating agents?
Classic: in rapid proliferating cells, oligospermia, blood vessel damage
Potent hematogenics
Ifosfamide: altered mental status, coma, seizures
Pulmonary fibrosis (esp cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, melphalan)
How is acrolien produced?
when ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide are metabolically activated
What does acrolein cause?
renal failure, urotoxicity, bladder tumors
Why and how is mesna used?
Mesna is an antidote for acrolien. It is injected or taken orally and concentrates in the bladder. It does not interefere with antitumor activity
Use of cyclophosphamide
total ablation of immune system for allogenic marrow transplant and RA treatment (like DMARD)
Busulfan
spontaneous hydrolysis releases methan sulfate. Myosuppressive–> pulmonary fibrosis, veno-occlusive disease of the liver, problems with fetal malformation, addisons,
