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CB of Immunity > Antibody molecules > Flashcards

Antibody molecules Flashcards

1
Q

Linus Pauling

A

Model proposed that a pre-formed, undifferentiated “immunoprotein”. Single immunoprotein react to all antigens. WRONG

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2
Q

Sir Frank MacFarlane Burnet

A
  1. Clonal Selection Theory. Somatic mutation during embryonic life - random specific antibodies. eliminate self-reactive antibodies
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3
Q

Antigens

A

Any molecule or part of a molecule that is recognised by a variable antigen-receptor on an immunoglobulin

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4
Q

Paratope

A

antigen-binding region of the natibody

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5
Q

epitope

A

specific region of antigen that binds to immunoglobulin

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6
Q

Heavy chain

A

55kDa. gamma, mu, alpha, delta, epislon.

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7
Q

Light chain

A

22kDa. kappa or lambda.

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8
Q

IgG

A

gamma heavy chain. monomer. valency of 2. circulating - greatest conc found in circulation

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9
Q

IgM

A

mu heavy chain. circulating. pentamer (with J chain). first response. low affinity. valency of 10.

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10
Q

IgA

A

alpha heavy chain. mucosal membranes. monomer, dimer or trimer (J chain). secretory component.

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11
Q

IgE

A

allergic reactions. epsilon heavy chain. monomer.

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12
Q

IgD

A

delta heavy chain. monomer.

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13
Q

Porter and Edelman

A
  1. Porter used papain (protease) to show that immunoglobulin has 3 fractions. Fraction 1 and 2 bound antigens - Fab. Fraction 3 crystallised - Fc. Edelman used pepsin (protease) to show IgG consisted of 4 chains (2x heavy and 2x light).
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14
Q

Vh and Vl

A

hyper-variability within four conserved framework regions (FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4). form loops that combine toghether to form antigen binding surfaces. complementary determining regions (CDR1, CDR2, CDR3) are important for engineering antibodies.

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15
Q

Trans-epithelial transport of IgA

A

IgA dimer with J chain binds to the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) - transmembrane protein expressed at basal surface of epithelial cells of gut and airways. Binding of IgA induces transcytosis of pIgR. Complex delivered into the lumen.

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16
Q

IgA secretory component

A

protects against proteases within mucus and anchors IgA at the desired location

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17
Q

Opsinisation and Phagocytosis

A

opsonise with IgA, Fca/uR binds to IgA (or IgM) to mediate uptake by macrophage and DC. FcaRI mediates uptake by neutrophil.

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18
Q

ITAM

A

immunoreceptor tyrosin-based activation motif. Contains precisely spaced tyrosines. always have leucine or isoleucine in amino acid repeat. When phosphorylated, the tyrosine residues provide a binding site for intracellular tyrosine kinases (Syk in most immune cells or ZAP-70 in T cells). These have SH2domain –> singal transduction

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19
Q

ADCC

A

anitbody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. antibody attracts cytotoxic cells by means of their Fc receptor to the opsonized pathogen to kill cell

20
Q

complement-mediated cytotoxicity

A

antibody binding results in the fixation of complement to target cell

21
Q

Fc-gamma-RI (CD64)

A

expressed by macro, DC, neut, eosin.

22
Q

Fc-gamma-RII A (CD32)

A

expressed by macro, neut, Langerhans cells

23
Q

Fc-gamma-RII B1 (CD32)

A

expressed by MC and B cells

24
Q

Fc-gamma-RII B2 (CD32)

A

expressed by macro, neut, eosin

25
Q

Fc-gamma-RIII A (CD16)

A

expressed by NK

26
Q

Fc-gamma-RIII B (CD16)

A

expressed by eosino, macro, neut, MC

27
Q

Fc-epsilon-RI

A

expressed by MC , baso, eosino. Degranulation.

28
Q

Fc-alpha-RI (CD89)

A

expressed by monocytes, neut, eosino

29
Q

Fc-epsilon-RII (CD23)

A

expressed by B cells, macro, eosin

30
Q

lectin pathway

A

recognition of carbohydrate moieties

31
Q

classical pathway

A

antibody binding to antigen in immune complexes or pentraxins

32
Q

alternative

A

directly at microbial cell surfaces

33
Q

a fragment

A

inflammatory mediator

34
Q

b fragment

A

goes onto become a subunit of next protease in cascade

35
Q

pentraxins

A

pentameric serum proteins that participate in innate immuniuty and can activate classical pathway of complement

36
Q

Cqrs complex

A

antibody binds antigen on the outside of the cell –> complex forms and activates classical

37
Q

classical complement

A

Ab-Ag complex binds C1 complex (C1qrs). C1q activates C1r, which cleaves C1s. C1s cleaves C4 into C4a and C4b. C1 also cleaves C2 into C2a and C2b. C4b and C2b bind to form C2bC4b complex aka C3 CONVERTASE. C3 convertase cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b. C3b binds C2bC4b to form C5 CONVERTASE. C5 convertase cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b. C5a attracts inflammatory cells. C5b binds C6, C7, C8, C9 to form MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.

38
Q

LECTIN pathway

A

activated by MASPs. Mannose binding lectin associated serine proteases. MASP-2 cleaves C4. Found within Mannose-binding lectin or ficolin molecules that recognise carbohydrate on microbial surface,.

39
Q

surfactants

A

layer of phospholipids and proteins that line the epithelium of the respiratory tract

40
Q

Collectin family

A

function as opsonin. Surfactant protein A and surfactant protein D. Mannose-binding lectin.

41
Q

Ficolins

A

Bind to N-acetylglucosamines.

42
Q

Collectin molecule structure

A

Cystein rich region, followed by a collagen-like domain and an alpha-helical neck region. Then a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD)

43
Q

C1q deficiency

A

More susceptible to sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia (Neisseriameningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae)

44
Q

C3 deficiency

A

Increases susceptibility to respiraotry tract infections and meningitis caused by Neisseriameningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus

45
Q

C5 deficiency

A

meningitis and sepsis caused by Neisseria

46
Q

C9 deficiency

A

meningitis and sepsis caused by Neisseria

47
Q

Collectins

A

Function as opsonins. PRR that recognise carbohydrates (have a C-type lectin). e.g. Surfactant A and Surfactant D (found in respiratory tract), Mannose-Binding Lectin

CB of Immunity (12 decks)

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