Antibodies (Willats)

Question 1

What’s a humanised antibody

Answer 1

Rodent paratope, human variable and constant domain

Question 2

Whats a chimeric antibody

Answer 2

Rodent variable domain and human constant domain

Question 3

What’s a monoclonal antibody

Answer 3

Identical antibodies bind to same antigen

Question 4

What’s a polyclonal antibody

Answer 4

Bind to same antigen different epitope

Question 5

What’s a phage display antibody

Answer 5

Synthetic antibody, 4-6 week to make, utilise M13

Question 6

How are polyclonal antibodies made

Answer 6

Inject target molecule into animal and harvest from blood

Question 7

+-‘ves of polyclonal

Answer 7

+cheap
+quick to make
+ high acidity
-not specific
-Finite

Question 8

How do you make monoclonal antibodies

Answer 8

• inject target molecule into animal
• Harvest B cells from spleen
• fuse with cancerous myeloma cell to create hybridoma
  -immortal and secrete antibodies
• screen for antibodies
• scale up as needed

Question 9

+-‘ves or monoclonal antibodies

Answer 9

+specific
+infinite
- expensive
- time consuming to make

Question 10

How are synthetic antibodies made

Answer 10

• utilise bacteriophage life cycle
• ScFv integrate into phagemid and joins continuously to coat proteins
  -ScFv display continuously on surface of bacteriophage
• scale up in E. coli

Question 11

How are antibodies used in therapy ?

Answer 11

Magic bullet : can we cell have unique antigen that isn’t in normal cell, target with antibody with radioactive or cytotoxic tag to kill cell.

Immunomodulation: abnormal level of molecule in system target with antibody to inactive and bring to a normal level. But body gets used to antibody and eliminates over time