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Immunology > Antibodies and Immunity > Flashcards

Antibodies and Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Antigen

A

A foreign substance that can stimulate the production of antibodies

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2
Q

Immunogen

A

A large organic molecule that is a protein or large polysaccharide that can elicit an immune response

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3
Q

Immunogenicity

A

The ability of a substance to provoke an immune response in the body

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4
Q

Antigenicity

A

The ability of an antigen to stimulate an immune response

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5
Q

Hapten

A

A very small molecule that can bind to a larger carrier molecule and behave as an antigen

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6
Q

Carrier

A

A molecule that when coupled to a hapten makes the hapten capable of stimulating an immune response

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7
Q

Antigenic determinant

A

The functional portion of an antigen that combines with an antibody paratope

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8
Q

Epitope

A

A single antigenic determinant

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9
Q

Adjuvant

A

A substance that enhances the effect of an antigen when the substance is given along with the antigen

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10
Q

Antibody

A

Immunoglobulins produced in response to an antigen

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11
Q

Immunoglobulin

A

Protein produced by the immune system; also known as antibodies

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12
Q

Paratope

A

The region on an antibody that binds to the epitope of the antigen

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13
Q

Fab fragment

A

Fragment with the ability to bind to antigens that are made up of one constant and one variable domain

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14
Q

Fc fragment

A

The tail region of antibody that interacts with cell surface receptors and some proteins of the complement system

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15
Q

Light chain

A

One of the two smaller polypeptide subunits that make up an antibody molecule. It combines with a heavy chain to form the antigen-bind site of an immunoglobulin

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15
Q

Heavy chain

A

One of the polypeptide units of an immunoglobulin molecule. Each monomer consists of two heavy chains paired with two light chains

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16
Q

Constant region

A

A portion of an antibody molecule that remains consistent within each Ig class. Determines antibody function

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17
Q

Variable region

A

The part of an antibody molecule that varies between different antibodies. Recognizes and binds to specific antigens

18
Q

J chain

A

A polypeptide that joins together Ig molecules

19
Q

C-reactive protein

A

A nonspecific, acute-phase, reactant glycoprotein. High levels indicate inflammation

20
Q

Natural immunity

A

The body’s inherent ability to resist pathogens and diseases without prior exposure or vaccination

21
Q

Acquired immunity

A

The adaptive immune response develops after exposure to a specific antigen through infection or vaccination. Involves the production of antibodies and memory cells

22
Q

Active immunity

A

A type of acquired immunity is when the body’s immune system produces its antibodies in response to exposure to a pathogen or vaccine

23
Q

Passive immunity

A

A type of acquired immunity where antibodies are transferred from one individual to another

24
Q

Cellular immunity

A

A type of immune response that involves the direct action of immune cells mediated by T lymphocytes

25
Q

Humoral immunity

A

A type of immune response that involves the production of antibodies by B lymphocytes

26
Q

What are the five Ig classes?

A

IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD

27
Q

80% of the total Ig concentration in normal serum is of?

A

IgG

28
Q

What are the four subclasses of IgG?

A

IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4

29
Q

IgA is the predominant antibody in?

A

Body secretions

29
Q

IgG is the only antibody that can cross the?

A

Placenta

30
Q

IgA is found as a?

A

Dimer with a J chain

31
Q

What protects the J chain and IgA from digestion in the lumen?

A

Secretory component

32
Q

Which is the first Ig to respond during an immune response and is considered the most efficient?

A

IgM

33
Q

IgM is found as a?

A

Pentamer with J chain

34
Q

Which Ig is associated with hypersensitivity reactions and parasites?

A

IgE

35
Q

The primary immune response occurs?

A

When the body encounters an antigen for the first time

36
Q

True or false? The primary immune response fast to develop

A

False. The primary immune response is slower to develop

37
Q

Which antibody does the primary immune response mainly produce?

A

IgM

38
Q

The primary immune response generates what?

A

Memory cells

39
Q

When does the secondary immune response occur?

A

When the body encounters an antigen that was previously encountered

40
Q

The secondary immune response is faster to respond. True or false?

A

True

41
Q

The secondary immune response produces which Ig primarily?

A

IgG

Immunology (1 decks)

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