Antibodies

Question 1

PLA2R

Answer 1

Glomerulonephritis

- Think: Idiopathic membranous nephropathy

Question 2

Collagen Type IV

Answer 2

Goodpasteur Syndrome
- Anti-glomerular basement membrane –> RPGN –> acute renal failure –> crescent formation (fibrin deposit) on light microscopy with linear IgG + C3 deposits.

Will see pulmonary hemorrhage (hemoptysis) + proteinuria + RBC casts

Question 3

anti-centromere

Answer 3

CREST

Question 4

ds-DNA, smith antigen, ANA

Answer 4

SLE

Question 5

c-ANCA

Answer 5

Wegner = polyangitis + granulomatosis

Question 6

anti-smooth muscles

Answer 6

autoimmune hepatitis

Question 7

Synaptophysin

Answer 7

Neuron origin

Question 8

Amyloid deposits in brain tissue only

Answer 8

Alzheimers

Question 9

RNA virus + hemagglutin

Answer 9

Rubeola

- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Question 10

Confusion + Ataxia + ophthalmoplegia

Answer 10

Wernicke encephalopathy

• Due to damage of maxillary bodes caused by chronic thiamine deficiency (EtOH or malnutrition).
• Without thiamine, no glucose metabolism occurs. Thus, glucose will cause clinical symptoms:

1. Ophthalmoplegia (nystagmus, bilateral adbucens palsy)
2. Ataxia (cerebellar damage)
3. Confusion (encephalopathy)

TX: Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

RISK: continued memory loss and learning disability (Korsakoff Syndrome)

Question 11

Fast correction of ___ will lead to ____?

1. Hypocalcemia
2. Hypernatremia
3. Hypercalcemia
4. Hyponatremia

Answer 11

1. Carpopedal spasm
2. cerebral edema
3. Cardiac arrythmia and supra nuclear palsy
4. osmotic demyelination

Question 12

Phrenic Nerve arises from

Answer 12

C3-C5

- Compression leads to hiccups and dyspnea

Question 13

Heterophile antibody

Answer 13

EBV –> infectious mononucleosis + burkitt lymphoma + nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 14

CD20+

Answer 14

B lymphocytes

Question 15

BRCA

Answer 15

Normally a DNA repair enzyme, but when mutated causes ovarian cancer and breast cancer

Question 16

p53

Answer 16

molecular policeman, which G1 phase when it identifies damaged DNA, but when mutated is a pro-oncogene for GI adenocarcinoma

Question 17

c-myc

Answer 17

transcription activator for proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis

Question 18

Rb

Answer 18

checkpoint for G1 –> S phase

Question 19

Ras

Answer 19

occurs in both (Active) GTP and (inactive) GDP-kinase states as a cell membrane to nucleus transmitter. When mutated, it is constantly in the ACTIVE state encouraging cancer growth.