Antibiotics Summary

Question 1

what is the first line treatment for pseudomembranous colitis?

Answer 1

vancomycin

Question 2

what is the 2nd line treatment for pseudomembranous colitis?

Answer 2

fidaxomicin (macrolide)

Question 3

what is the 3rd line treatment for pseudomembranous colitis?

Answer 3

metronidazole

Question 4

which 6 medications can be used to treat MRSA infections?

Answer 4

ceftaroline
vancomycin
trime-sulfa
doxycycline
clindamycin
linezolid/tedizolid

Question 5

what drug class can be used to treat gram - infections?

Answer 5

fluoroquinolones

Question 6

which antibiotic class is the most worrisome for nephrotoxicity?

Answer 6

aminoglycosides

Question 7

which antibiotic class can cause nephrotoxicity in patients with pre-existing renal disease?

Answer 7

cephalosporins

Question 7

which 2 antibiotics and 1 antibiotic class can cause hematologic toxicity, like platelet dysfunction? (3)

Answer 7

piperacillin
ticarcillin
cephalosporins

Question 8

which antibiotic class has the ability to case hepatotoxicity?

Answer 8

flurorquinolones

Question 8

what antibiotic class is famous for causing musculoskeletal toxicity?

Answer 8

fluoroquinolones

Question 8

which 2 antibiotics and 1 antibiotic class have the worst GI effects, like pseudomembranous colitis?

Answer 8

penicillins
clindamycin
macrolides

Question 9

which 1 antibiotic and 2 antibiotic classes can cause CNS toxicity?

Answer 9

beta-lactams
fluoroquinolones
imipenem (seizures)

Question 10

which 1 antibiotic and 3 antibiotic classes are the most likely to cause hypersensitivity?

Answer 10

penicillins
cephalosporins
sulfonamides
vancomycin

Question 11

what percentage of the isolates need to be sensitive for an antibiotic to be considered effective empiric therapy?

Answer 11

at least 80%

Question 12

what should a peak concentration be in order for a drug to be considered effective?

Answer 12

at least 4x the MIC at the site of infection

Question 13

aggregate of microorganisms adhering to each other on a surface that is usually moist

Answer 13

biofilm

Question 14

how do bacteria communicate with each other?

Answer 14

exchange chemicals via quantum sensing

Question 15

in which environment are bacteria more resistant to antibiotics?

Answer 15

bacteria in biofilm

Question 16

which MIC do we want from an organism to ensure we can treat it?

Answer 16

lower MIC

Question 17

AUC/MIC =

Answer 17

AUIC

Question 18

what kind of killing is a a higher peak concentration that leads to greater exposure?

Answer 18

concentration-dependent killing

Question 19

which antibiotic classes are considered concentration-dependent killing?
what does this mean for dosing?

Answer 19

aminoglycosides
flouroquinolones

once daily doses that are large

Question 20

the amount of time the drug concentration remains above the MIC of the target bacteria

Answer 20

time-dependent killing

Question 21

which antibiotic class is considered time-dependent killing?
what does this mean for dosing?

Answer 21

beta-lactams

smaller doses more frequently or via long infusion