Antibiotics Summary Flashcards
what is the first line treatment for pseudomembranous colitis?
vancomycin
what is the 2nd line treatment for pseudomembranous colitis?
fidaxomicin (macrolide)
what is the 3rd line treatment for pseudomembranous colitis?
metronidazole
which 6 medications can be used to treat MRSA infections?
ceftaroline
vancomycin
trime-sulfa
doxycycline
clindamycin
linezolid/tedizolid
what drug class can be used to treat gram - infections?
fluoroquinolones
which antibiotic class is the most worrisome for nephrotoxicity?
aminoglycosides
which antibiotic class can cause nephrotoxicity in patients with pre-existing renal disease?
cephalosporins
which 2 antibiotics and 1 antibiotic class can cause hematologic toxicity, like platelet dysfunction? (3)
piperacillin
ticarcillin
cephalosporins
which antibiotic class has the ability to case hepatotoxicity?
flurorquinolones
what antibiotic class is famous for causing musculoskeletal toxicity?
fluoroquinolones
which 2 antibiotics and 1 antibiotic class have the worst GI effects, like pseudomembranous colitis?
penicillins
clindamycin
macrolides
which 1 antibiotic and 2 antibiotic classes can cause CNS toxicity?
beta-lactams
fluoroquinolones
imipenem (seizures)
which 1 antibiotic and 3 antibiotic classes are the most likely to cause hypersensitivity?
penicillins
cephalosporins
sulfonamides
vancomycin
what percentage of the isolates need to be sensitive for an antibiotic to be considered effective empiric therapy?
at least 80%
what should a peak concentration be in order for a drug to be considered effective?
at least 4x the MIC at the site of infection
aggregate of microorganisms adhering to each other on a surface that is usually moist
biofilm
how do bacteria communicate with each other?
exchange chemicals via quantum sensing
in which environment are bacteria more resistant to antibiotics?
bacteria in biofilm
which MIC do we want from an organism to ensure we can treat it?
lower MIC
AUC/MIC =
AUIC
what kind of killing is a a higher peak concentration that leads to greater exposure?
concentration-dependent killing
which antibiotic classes are considered concentration-dependent killing?
what does this mean for dosing?
aminoglycosides
flouroquinolones
once daily doses that are large
the amount of time the drug concentration remains above the MIC of the target bacteria
time-dependent killing
which antibiotic class is considered time-dependent killing?
what does this mean for dosing?
beta-lactams
smaller doses more frequently or via long infusion
