Antibiotics. Summary Flashcards
What penicillinase resistant penicillins are used for in ruminants?
Gram+ mastitis
Penicillins in ruminants:
- narrow sp.: airway infection, foot diseases, wounds, mastitis
- broad spectrum penicillins: airway infection, foot diseases, mastitis
- penicilinase resistant penicillins: gram+ mastitis
Cephalosporins in ruminants
1,2 gen: gram+ mastitis
3,4 gen: airway infections, foot diseases, mastitis
from 3 gen ceftiofur and cefoperazone are used
AGs in ruminants:
- all -> diarrhea in calves, lambs
- GENTA, SPECTINO -> airways
- NEO, GENTA -> mastitis, metritis
Tetracyclines in ruminants
- airway infecrions, foot diseases, mastitis (IV)
- wounds, infectious KC, enzootic abortion
injection + topical + per os (calf, lamb)
Phenicols in ruminants:
airway infections
Macrolides in ruminants
Tilmicosin, Tildipirosin -> airway infections
Tulathromycin, gamithromycin -> airway infections + foot diseases, infectious KC
Lincosamides, pleuromutilins in ruminants
- Lincomycin -> foot diseases, mastitis, airway infections?
- Tiamulin -> airway infections?
Potentiated SAs in ruminants
- decreasing usage
- airway infections
- mastitis (IV)
Fluorquinolones in ruminants
- airway infections
- mastitis
- GI tract infections
Drugs for treatment mastitis in ruminants:
- penicillins
- cephalosporins
- NEOmycin, GENTAmycin
- tetracyclines
- lincomycin
- potentiated SAs
- fluoroquinolones
Drugs NOT used for treating mastitis in ruminants:
- phenicols
- macrolides
Infections caused by GRAM+ bacteria in swine
- Clostridium perfringens C - porcine necrotic enteritis
- Clostridium perfrigens A - 6 week old piglet’s diarrhea
- Staphylococcus hyicus - exudative epidermitis
- Staphylococcus aureus - dermatitis, metritis, mastitis, etc
- Streptococcus suis - septicaemia, meningitis, arthritis
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae - swine erysipelas
Infections caused by GRAM– bacteria in swine
- Pasteurella multocida - atrophic rhinitis, pneumonia, septicaemia
- Bordetella bronchiseptica - atrophic rhinitis, bronchopneumonia
- Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae - necrotic pleuropneumonia
- Glaeserrella parasuis - Glasser disease (fibrinic polyserositis, arthritis)
- Lawsonia intracellularis - proliferative enteropathie, ileitis
- Brachyspira hyodysenteria - swine dysenterie
Infections caused by Mycoplasma species in swine
- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae - pneumonitis
- Mycoplasma hyorhinis - polyserositis, arthritis
- Mycoplasma hyosynoviae - arthritis
- Mycoplasma suis - anaemia, fever, abortion, hemolysis
Infections caused by other bacteria species in swine
- Salmonella - enterocolitis
- Leptospira - abortion, mumies, dead fetuses
- Actinobaculum - cystitis, pyelonephritis
- Campylobacter - enterocolitis
- Clamydia - enteritis, pneumonia, abortion
- Lysteria - septicaemia, encephalitis, abortion
- Treponema - necrosis of the tip of the ear, dermatitis, foot disease
Infections in swine that can be treated by penicillins
Amoxicillin: - IM, PO
- swine erysipelas
- Clostridium perfrigens
- Streptococcus suis
- Glasser disease
- Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (APP)
- Pasteurella multocida
- Postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) - MMA: mastitis, metritis, agalactia
Amoxiclav: - SC, IM, PO
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
- enteritis caused by E. coli, Salmonella
- Staphylococcus
Narrow penicillins:
procaine, benzatine - IM
- swine erysipelas
- Streptococcus suis
- Trueperella pyogenes
- Pasteurella multocida
phenoxymethil-penicillin (PO) - Clostridium perfrigens A, C
What are gram negaive bacteria that are rare lactamase producers?
- Pasteurella multocida
- Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
- Glaeserrella parasuis
So amoxicillin, not amoxiclav (AMEG C)
What AB group targets aerobic gram— bacteria?
Aminoglycosides
What antibiotics are prohibited to used with myorelaxants?
Aminoglycosides
What causes infectious keratoconjunctivitis?
Moraxella bovis
Tetracyclines (MAYBE SG MORE)
What AB group has very high IC concentration because of ion-trapping?
Macrolides. (Also tetracyclines and phenicols have good IC conc but not as good as macrolides)
Examples of IC bacteria. (Check bacteriology lectures)
- Chlamydia
- Mycoplasma
- Rickettsia
What is 1st choice drug to treat Rhodococcus equi infection in foals?
Erythromycin (macrolide)
Separate mare and foal!!!
What drug causes dose-independent anaemia ?
Chloramphenicol -> prohibited in food-producers
