Antibiotics Part 2 Flashcards
When pts are receiving aminoglycosides, the nurse must monitor for tinnitus and dizziness, which may indicate what problem?
Ototoxicity
Aminoglycosides cause what two main toxicities?
Nephrotoxicity and Ototoxicity
What is neomycin commonly used for ?
Bacterial decontamination of GI tract before surgical procedures.
What is the drug of choice to treat MRSA?
Vancomycin, Vancocin
What is gentamicin commonly used for?
Gentamicin is a aminoglycoside used to treat gram + and gram - systemic infections.
What is ciprofloxacin, Cipro?
In the drug class quinolones.
Used to treat gram -
Drug of choice to treat anthrax
What is colistimethate, Coly-Mycin
polypeptide miscellaneous antibiotic
Penetrates and disrupts the bacterial membrane of gram -
What drugs are in the class, aminoglycosides?
Amikacin
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Neomycin
A pt who is receiving vancomycin (Vancocin) therapy needs to notify the nurse immediately if which effects are noted? A) Ringing in the ears B) Dizziness C) Hearing loss D) Flushing of the face E) Nausea
Ringing in the ears
Dizziness
Hearing loss
After an infusion of colistimethate (Coly-Mycin), the nurse will report to the prescriber if the pt complains of which adverse effects? A)Numbness B) Vertigo C) Upset stomach D) Insomnia E) Dizziness
Numbness
Vertigo
Dizziness
The nurse is reviewing a list of mediations for a pt who will be starting antibiotic therapy with an aminoglycoside. Which medications may present a potential interaction?
A) metoprolol, beta blocker
B) furosemide (LASIX), a loop diuretic
C) warfarin (Coumadin) oral anticoaglant
D)vancomycin (Vancocin) an antibiotic
E)levothyroxine (Synthroid) a thyroid hormone
furosemide
warfarin
vancomycin
Why is it beneficial to only take an aminoglycoside once a day?
to provide sufficient plasma drug concentration to kill the bacteria. Keeps safe from toxicity
Explain the concept of “trough” levels during aminoglycoside therapy and the way in which renal function is monitored.
Trough levels (lowest) are routinely measured to ensure adequate renal clearance of the drug to avoid toxicity. Trough levels about 2mcg/mL are associated with greater risks for both ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Trough levels are drawn right before the next dose.
Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin) has been ordered for a pt how has a severe urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia colia. Explain why this drug is used for this type of infection.
Nitrofurantoin is used primarily to treat urinary tract infections because it is renally excreted and concentrates in the urin.
While assessing a women who is receiving an antibiotic for community acquired pneumonia, the nurse notes that the pt has a thick, white, vaginal discharge. The pt is also complaining about perineal itching. The nurse suspects what?
Superinfection
Which type of medication would be the most concern when taking a linezolid?
SSRI
When administering vancomycin, the nurse knows that _____ is most important to assess before giving the medication?
Renal function
When giving intravenous quinolones, the nurse needs to keep in mind that these drugs may have serious interactions with which type of drugs?
Oral anticoagulants.
Aminoglycosides are typically not given orally, why?
very poor absorption
What is the mechanism of action in aminoglycosides?
Bind to ribosome and prevent protein synthesis in the bacteria
What two drugs bind to the 30S Ribosome? Hint * They are 2 different classes *
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
What is a postanibiotic effect? Which two drug classes have this?
Period of continued bacterial growth suppression that occurs after short term antibiotic exposure.
Aminoglyocsides
Carbapenems.
quinolones are aka ??
fluoroquinolones
What is the mechanism of action for Quinolones?
Destroy bacterial by altering their DNA. Very potent bactericidal broad spectrum antibiotic. Mostly gram -
Quinolones are mainly used to treat what kind of condition?
urinary tract infections because they are excreted by the kidneys and concentrated in the urine
What two quinolones are used to treat gram + organisms?
Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin
What drugs are classified as quinolones?
ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
moxifloxacin
norfloxacin
