Antibiotics Part 2

Question 0

When pts are receiving aminoglycosides, the nurse must monitor for tinnitus and dizziness, which may indicate what problem?

Answer 0

Ototoxicity

Question 1

Aminoglycosides cause what two main toxicities?

Answer 1

Nephrotoxicity and Ototoxicity

Question 2

What is neomycin commonly used for ?

Answer 2

Bacterial decontamination of GI tract before surgical procedures.

Question 3

What is the drug of choice to treat MRSA?

Answer 3

Vancomycin, Vancocin

Question 4

What is gentamicin commonly used for?

Answer 4

Gentamicin is a aminoglycoside used to treat gram + and gram - systemic infections.

Question 5

What is ciprofloxacin, Cipro?

Answer 5

In the drug class quinolones.
Used to treat gram -
Drug of choice to treat anthrax

Question 6

What is colistimethate, Coly-Mycin

Answer 6

polypeptide miscellaneous antibiotic

Penetrates and disrupts the bacterial membrane of gram -

Question 7

What drugs are in the class, aminoglycosides?

Answer 7

Amikacin
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Neomycin

Question 8

A pt who is receiving vancomycin (Vancocin) therapy needs to notify the nurse immediately if which effects are noted?
A) Ringing in the ears
B) Dizziness
C) Hearing loss
D) Flushing of the face
E) Nausea

Answer 8

Ringing in the ears
Dizziness
Hearing loss

Question 9

After an infusion of colistimethate (Coly-Mycin), the nurse will report to the prescriber if the pt complains of which adverse effects?
A)Numbness
B) Vertigo
C) Upset stomach
D) Insomnia
E) Dizziness

Answer 9

Numbness
Vertigo
Dizziness

Question 10

The nurse is reviewing a list of mediations for a pt who will be starting antibiotic therapy with an aminoglycoside. Which medications may present a potential interaction?
A) metoprolol, beta blocker
B) furosemide (LASIX), a loop diuretic
C) warfarin (Coumadin) oral anticoaglant
D)vancomycin (Vancocin) an antibiotic
E)levothyroxine (Synthroid) a thyroid hormone

Answer 10

furosemide
warfarin
vancomycin

Question 11

Why is it beneficial to only take an aminoglycoside once a day?

Answer 11

to provide sufficient plasma drug concentration to kill the bacteria. Keeps safe from toxicity

Question 12

Explain the concept of “trough” levels during aminoglycoside therapy and the way in which renal function is monitored.

Answer 12

Trough levels (lowest) are routinely measured to ensure adequate renal clearance of the drug to avoid toxicity. Trough levels about 2mcg/mL are associated with greater risks for both ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Trough levels are drawn right before the next dose.

Question 13

Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin) has been ordered for a pt how has a severe urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia colia. Explain why this drug is used for this type of infection.

Answer 13

Nitrofurantoin is used primarily to treat urinary tract infections because it is renally excreted and concentrates in the urin.

Question 14

While assessing a women who is receiving an antibiotic for community acquired pneumonia, the nurse notes that the pt has a thick, white, vaginal discharge. The pt is also complaining about perineal itching. The nurse suspects what?

Answer 14

Superinfection

Question 15

Which type of medication would be the most concern when taking a linezolid?

Answer 15

SSRI

Question 16

When administering vancomycin, the nurse knows that _____ is most important to assess before giving the medication?

Answer 16

Renal function

Question 17

When giving intravenous quinolones, the nurse needs to keep in mind that these drugs may have serious interactions with which type of drugs?

Answer 17

Oral anticoagulants.

Question 18

Aminoglycosides are typically not given orally, why?

Answer 18

very poor absorption

Question 19

What is the mechanism of action in aminoglycosides?

Answer 19

Bind to ribosome and prevent protein synthesis in the bacteria

Question 20

What two drugs bind to the 30S Ribosome? Hint * They are 2 different classes *

Answer 20

Aminoglycosides

Tetracyclines

Question 21

What is a postanibiotic effect? Which two drug classes have this?

Answer 21

Period of continued bacterial growth suppression that occurs after short term antibiotic exposure.
Aminoglyocsides
Carbapenems.

Question 22

quinolones are aka ??

Answer 22

fluoroquinolones

Question 23

What is the mechanism of action for Quinolones?

Answer 23

Destroy bacterial by altering their DNA. Very potent bactericidal broad spectrum antibiotic. Mostly gram -

Question 24

Quinolones are mainly used to treat what kind of condition?

Answer 24

urinary tract infections because they are excreted by the kidneys and concentrated in the urine

Question 25

What two quinolones are used to treat gram + organisms?

Answer 25

Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin

Question 26

What drugs are classified as quinolones?

Answer 26

ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
moxifloxacin
norfloxacin