Antibiotics Part 2

Question 1

(T/F) Aminoglycosides are not given orally. Why or why not?

Answer 1

True - They have poor oral absorption

Question 2

What trough level is associated with a risk for ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity when taking Aminoglycosides?

Answer 2

trough levels greater than 2mcg/mL often manifests as some degree of temporary or permanent hearing loss and reduced renal function.

Question 3

Explain the synergistic effect when administering aminoglycosides with beta-lactam antibiotics.

Answer 3

When aminoglycosides are used in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics, the beta-lactam antibiotic should be given first because they break down the cell wall of the bacteria and allow the aminoglycoside to gain access to the ribosomes where they work.

Question 4

What are the indications for the use of Aminoglyocides?

Answer 4

1) Prophylaxis in GI and GU procedures

2) Valvular heart disease

Question 5

What are some of the common adverse effects of Amoniglycosides?

Answer 5

1) Nephrotoxicity (manifests as ⬆ BUN and ⬆ serum creatinine levels).
2) Ototoxicity (manifests as hearing and balance loss).
3) Dizziness
4) Tinnitus
5) Feelings of fullness in the ears
6) Paresthesia
7) Vertigo
8) Skin Rash

Question 6

What are some of the indications for the use of Quinolones?

Answer 6

1) UTIs
2) Respiratory infection
3) Skin infection
4) Bone infection
5) GI infection
6) Joint infection
7) STDs

Question 7

Why is the use of Quinolones in prepubescent children not generally recommended?

Answer 7

Because these drugs have been shown to affect cartillage development in laboratory animals.

Question 8

What is the major adverse effect of Quinolones which caused a black box warning label to be issued by the FDA?

Answer 8

Tendonitis and ruptured tendons

Question 9

When is the preferred dosing time of Quinolones?

Answer 9

2 hours after meals

Question 10

Why should patients not take antacids at the same time as oral Quinolones?

Answer 10

Antacids prevent the inactivation of the antibiotic.

Question 11

What types of foods increase the risk of crystalluria in patients taking Quinolones and what can be done to prevent it

Answer 11

1) Dairy foods, peanuts, sodium bicarbonate

2) Forcing fluids and increased intake of of foods high in ascorbic acid (i.e., cranberry and citrus juices).

Question 12

(T/F) Patient’s taking Quinolones should avoid exposure to sun and tanning beds.

Answer 12

True - Use sun glasses and sun screen for protection.

Question 13

When should patient’s take calcium and magnesium during quinolone therapy?

Answer 13

At least one hour before or after