Antibiotics - McLaughlin and Sandmeyer Flashcards
How does streptomycin work?
Binds to 30S ribosomal subunit and distorts its structure, interfering w/ initiation of protein synthesis.
Prevent bacteria from growing long enough for immune system to kick bacteria out and clean itself. It’s why taking the full abx course = imp
How do tetracyclines work?
Block access of aminoacyl tRNAs to A site of mRNA in ribosome complex by interacting with 30S ribosomal subunit.
How does puromycin work?
Bears structural resemblance to aminacyl-tRNA and becomes incorporated into growing peptide chain, thus causing inhibition of further elongation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
How does chloramphenicol work?
Inhibits prokaryotic peptidyltransferase (peptide bond formation). High levels may also inhibit mitochondrial protein synthesis.
How do clindamycin and erythromycin work?
Bind irreversibly to a site on the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thus inhibiting TRANSLOCATION.
How does diphtheria toxin work?
Inactivates the eukaryotic elongation factor, EF-2, thus preventing TRANSLOCATION.
What do quinolones do?
Inhibit type II isomerases in bacteria
What does novobiocin do?
Inhibits bacterial gyrase (topoisomerase)
What do daunorubicin and doxorubicin do?
Intercalcate between bases to interfere w/ topoisomerase activity. Used to treat cancer.
What does cisplatin do?
Interact with N7 on guanine and cross-links DNA to cause apoptosis. Used to treat cancer.
What does etoposide do?
Chemotherapy drug for cancer patients; targets mammalian topoisomerase II.
What does rifampin/rifampicin do?
Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase (not eukaryotic) by changing its conformation so it can’t initiate RNA transcription.
