Antibiotics I Flashcards
recombination
incorporate DNA into genome
transformation
uptake of naked DNA
transduction
bacteriophage transfer
Penicillins
Penicillin G/VK Nafcillin/Dicolxacillin Amoxicillin/Ampicillin Amox/clav + Amp/sulbactam Piperacillin Pip/Tazobactam
Cephalosporins
Cefazolin/Cephalexin
Ceftriaxone
Ceftazdime
Carbapenems
Imipenem/Cilastin
Meropenem
Monobactams
Aztreonam
Glycopeptide
Vancomycin
Oxazolidinone
Linezolid
Cyclic Lipopeptide
Daptomycin
Macrolide
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Nitroimidazole
Metronidazole
Bacteriostatic target
protein synth/DNA synth
Bacteriostatic Rxs
ECSTaTiC Erythromycin (macrolides) Clindamycin Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol
Bacteriocidal rxs
Really Very Fine At Bug Murder Rifampin Vancomycin Fluoroquinolones Aminoglycosides B-lactams Metronidazole
Cell wall synthesis inhibitor advantages
*selectivity - only bacteria have cell wall
peptidogycan
*only active during synthesis (growing bacteria)
what does vancomycin block?
cell wall - external phase - strand synthesis
Gucosyltransferase (peptidoglycan synthase)
what does penicillin (B lactam) block?
- cell wall - strand cross-linking
- Peptidoglycan transpeptidase PBP
- covalent enzyme binding - defective cell wall
B lactams select
Gram +s, looks like D-ala D-ala to bind peptidoglycan transpeptidase
B lactam resistance
Gram -
- physical barrier
- mutant porin in outer cell membrane
- efflux pump over all 3 layers
- enzyme inactivation (Gram + AND Gram -) B lactamase
- mutate transpeptidase (PBP-2a not binding B-lact) (Gram + ONLY) (MRSA)
Penicillinase resistant bacteria Penicillins
Nafcillin (IV) + Dicloxacillin (PO)
Extended spectrum (Gram +/-) Penicillins
Amoxi (PO), Ampicillin (IV,PO)
Extended spectrum anti-pseudomonal Penicillins
piperacillin
Compounded w/ B-lactamase inhibitor penicillins
Amox/clav (PO)
Amp/Sulbactam (IV)
Pip/Tazobactam
Penicillin G (IV) + VK (PO)
- susceptible Gram +ves
- Inactivated by gastric acid
- Poor CNS penetration (meningitis)
- Renal secretion - PCT