Antibiotics & Coverages by Class (ID 1)

Question 1

Natural penicillins

Answer 1

Penicillin V Potassium (PO)
Penicillin G Potassium (IV)
Penicillin G Benzathine (Bicillin L-A) (IM)

Question 2

Coverage of natural penicillins

Answer 2

Active against gram-positive cocci (strep & enterococci, but NOT staph) & gram-positive anaerobes
- no appreciable gram-negative activity

Question 3

Antistaphylococcal penicillins (agents & coverage)

Answer 3

Dicloxacillin
Nafcillin (injection)
Oxacillin (injection)

Coverage: cover streptococci & have enhanced activity against MSSA but lack activity against Enterococcus, gram-negative pathogens, & anaerobes

Question 4

Aminopenicillins (agents & coverage)

Answer 4

Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augmentin)
Ampicillin (injection, rarely used PO)
Ampicillin/sulbactam (Unasyn) (injection)

Coverage: streptococci, enterococci, & gram-positive anaerobes (mouth flora) PLUS (with addition of amino group) gram-negatives Haemophilus, Neisseria, Proteus, & E. coli
- Aminopenicillins combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors have added activity against MSSA, more resistant strains of gram-negatives (e.g., HNPEK) & gram-negative anaerobes (B. fragilis)

Question 5

Extended-spectrum penicillin combined with beta lactam inhibitor

Answer 5

Pipericillin/tazobactam (Zosyn) (injection)
- can be given as prolonged or extended infusion Q8H (each dose infused over 4 hours)
- broad-spectrum activity
- cover same as aminopenicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combos plus expanded coverage of other gram-negatives (CAPES) and Pseudomonas

Question 6

What is CAPES?

Answer 6

Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Providencia, Enterobacter, Serratia

Question 7

What is HNPEK?

Answer 7

Haemophilus, Neisseria, Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella