Antibiotics- classification

Question 1

What are the gram positive bacteria and where are they found?

Answer 1

Staphylococci+ Streptococci- Skin and wound infections
Staph, enterococci, corynebacteria- line related infections (CLABSI)
Clostridia- gangrenous wound infections, abdominal infections

Question 2

What are the common treatments for gram positive bacteria?

Answer 2

Vancomycin, teicoplanin, gentamicin (staphylococci only)

RESITANT TO- cephalosporins, metronidazole (except clostridia)

Question 3

What are the gram negative bacteria and where are they found?

Answer 3

Coliform bacteria (e.coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, salmonella)- the gut: can cause ventilator assisted pneumonia, wound/biliary tract infection and septicaemia
Pseudomonas- Moist environments- chronic leg ulcers, catheters, pneumonia, septicaemia, CF/ bronchiectasis
Bacetroids (anaerobic bacteria)- intra-abdominal infections, soft tissue below waist

Question 4

What are the common treatments for coliform bacteria and what are they resistant to?

Answer 4

Coliform bacteria- cephalosporins, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, tazocin, imipenem, trimethoprim
RESISTANT TO AMOXICILLIN
Pseudomonas- aminoglycosides, cipro, tazocin, imipenem
RESISTANT TO MOST OTHER ANTIBIOTICS
Bacteroids- Metronidazole, co-amoxiclav, imipenem, tazocin, clindamycin
RESITANT TO BENZYLPENICILLIN, AMOXICILLIN, CEFUROXIME, GENTAMICIN, QUINOLONES, MACROLIDES

Question 5

What are the common treatments for pseudomonas and what are they resistant to?

Answer 5

Pseudomonas- aminoglycosides, cipro, tazocin, imipenem

RESISTANT TO MOST OTHER ANTIBIOTICS

Question 6

What are the common treatments of bacteroids and what are they resistant to?

Answer 6

Bacteroids- Metronidazole, co-amoxiclav, imipenem, tazocin, clindamycin
RESITANT TO BENZYLPENICILLIN, AMOXICILLIN, CEFUROXIME, GENTAMICIN, QUINOLONES, MACROLIDES