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IAHA Block 2 - bacteriology > Antibiotics - Classes > Flashcards

Antibiotics - Classes Flashcards

1
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

“TETRACYCLINE”

A

1) Class: TETRACYCINE
2) Mechanism: binds 30S; prevents tRNA binding
3) Bacteria: BROAD SPECTRUM

Note: Not used widely due to common resistance (by EFFLUX PUMPs and some ribosomal 30S modification)

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2
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

“TETRACYCLINE”

A

1) Class: TETRACYCINE
2) Mechanism: binds 30S; prevents tRNA binding
3) Bacteria: broad spectrum

Note: Not used widely due to common resistance (by EFFLUX PUMPs and some ribosomal 30S modification)

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3
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

“DOXYCYCLINE”

A

1) Class: TETRACYCINE
2) Mechanism: binds 30S; prevents tRNA binding
3) Bacteria: broad spectrum

Note: Not used widely due to common resistance (by EFFLUX PUMPs and some ribosomal 30S modification)

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4
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

“MINOCYCLINE”

A

1) Class: TETRACYCINE
2) Mechanism: binds 30S; prevents tRNA binding
3) Bacteria: broad spectrum

Note: Not used widely due to common resistance (by EFFLUX PUMPs and some ribosomal 30S modification)

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5
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

“TIGECYCLINE”

A

1) Class: TETRACYCINE
2) Mechanism: binds 30S; prevents tRNA binding
3) Bacteria: broad spectrum

Note: Not used widely due to common resistance (by EFFLUX PUMPs and some ribosomal 30S modification)

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6
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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7
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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8
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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9
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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10
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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11
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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12
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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13
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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14
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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15
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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16
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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17
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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18
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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19
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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20
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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21
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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22
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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23
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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24
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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25
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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26
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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27
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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28
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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29
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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30
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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31
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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32
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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33
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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34
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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35
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

A

1) Class:
2) Mechanism:
3) Bacteria:

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36
Q

What are the antibiotics of the Tetracyclines?

A

1) Tigecycline
2) Tetracycline
3) Minocycline
4) Doxycline

“TTMD” = Tetracycline

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37
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the Tetracyclines?

A

protein inhibitor = 30S

binds to 30S of bacterial ribosome and prevents aminoacyl-tRNA binding (i.e. prevents initiation)

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38
Q

What are the antibiotics of the Aminoglycosides?

A

1) TOBRAmycin
2) AMIKACIN
3) GENTAmycin
4) STREPTOmycin

“TAGS” = aminoglycosides

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39
Q

What makes the aminoglycosides special?

A

They are the only bacteriCIDAL (kill bacteria) of the ribosomal inhibitors.

40
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the Aminoglycosides?

A

protein inhibitor = 30S

binds to 30S (IRREVERSIBLY) and creates premature mRNA release, mis-reading, and arresting of initiation

41
Q

What is the common mechanism of resistance of Tetracylcines?

A

efflux pumps

minor: changes to bacterial ribosome

42
Q

What is the common mechanism of resistance of the aminoglycosides?

A

enzymatic modification of the antibiotic

modification of the drug prevents its ability to bind to the ribosome, and preform bactericidal actions

43
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

“DOXYCYCLINE”

A

1) Class: TETRACYCINE
2) Mechanism: binds 30S; prevents tRNA binding
3) Bacteria: BROAD SPECTRUM

Note: Not used widely due to common resistance (by EFFLUX PUMPs and some ribosomal 30S modification)

44
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

“MINOCYCLINE”

A

1) Class: TETRACYCINE
2) Mechanism: binds 30S; prevents tRNA binding
3) Bacteria: BROAD SPECTRUM

Note: Not used widely due to common resistance (by EFFLUX PUMPs and some ribosomal 30S modification)

45
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

“TIGECYCLINE”

A

1) Class: TETRACYCINE
2) Mechanism: binds 30S; prevents tRNA binding
3) Bacteria: BROAD SPECTRUM

NOTE: Not used widely due to common resistance (by EFFLUX PUMPs and some ribosomal 30S modification)

46
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

TOBRAMYCIN

A

1) Class: AMINOGLYCOSIDES
2) Mechanism: BIND TO 30S (IRREVERSIBLY); mis-reading and premature mRNA release
3) Bacteria: G- (NEGATIVE)* [e.g. Pseudomonas]

  • Does NOT penetrate G+ well
  • Weak against anerobes

NOTE: Enzymatic modification of TOBRAMYCIN is common form of anti-bacterial resistance.

Adverse: OTO- and NEPHRO- toxicity

47
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

“AMIKACIN”

A

1) Class: AMINOGLYCOSIDES
2) Mechanism: BIND TO 30S (IRREVERSIBLY); mis-reading and premature mRNA release
3) Bacteria: G- (NEGATIVE)* [e.g. Pseudomonas]

  • Does NOT penetrate G+ well
  • Weak against anerobes

NOTE: Enzymatic modification of AMIKACIN is common form of anti-bacterial resistance.

Adverse: OTO- and NEPHRO- toxicity

48
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

“GENTAMYCIN”

A

1) Class: AMINOGLYCOSIDES
2) Mechanism: BIND TO 30S (IRREVERSIBLY); mis-reading and premature mRNA release
3) Bacteria: G- (NEGATIVE)* [e.g. Pseudomonas]

  • Does NOT penetrate G+ well
  • Weak against anerobes

NOTE: Enzymatic modification of GENTAMYCIN is common form of anti-bacterial resistance.

Adverse: OTO- and NEPHRO- toxicity

49
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

“STREPTOMYCIN”

A

1) Class: AMINOGLYCOSIDES
2) Mechanism: BIND TO 30S (IRREVERSIBLY); mis-reading and premature mRNA release
3) Bacteria: G- (NEGATIVE)* [e.g. Pseudomonas]

  • Does NOT penetrate G+ well
  • Weak against anerobes

NOTE: Enzymatic modification of STREPTOMYCIN is common form of anti-bacterial resistance.

Adverse: OTO- and NEPHRO- toxicity

50
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

PENICILLIN G

A

1) Class: Beta-Lactams (Penicillins / Panems)
2) Mechanism: binds to PBPs; prevents peptidoglycan crosslinking
3) Bacteria: G+ (POSITIVE)*

Note: Penicillin G and V are NOT USEFUL against Gram negatives (especially enterics because it hydrolyzed by gastric acid)

51
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

PENICILLIN V

A

1) Class: Beta-Lactams (Penicillins / Panems)
2) Mechanism: binds to PBPs; prevents peptidoglycan crosslinking
3) Bacteria: G+ (POSITIVE)*

Note: Penicillin G and V are NOT USEFUL against Gram negatives

52
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

AMOXICILLIN

A

1) Class: Beta-Lactams (Penicillins / Panems)
2) Mechanism: binds to PBPs; prevents peptidoglycan crosslinking

3) Bacteria:
G+ (POSITIVE) COCCI
G- (NEGATIVE) ENTERICS

53
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

PIPERACILLIN

A

1) Class: Beta-Lactams (Penicillins / Panems)
2) Mechanism: binds to PBPs; prevents peptidoglycan crosslinking

3) Bacteria:
G- (NEGATIVE) BACILLI
(e.g. pseudomonas)

54
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

TRICARCILLIN

A

1) Class: Beta-Lactams (Penicillins / Panems)
2) Mechanism: binds to PBPs; prevents peptidoglycan crosslinking

3) Bacteria:
G- (NEGATIVE) BACILLI
(e.g. pseudomonas)

55
Q

What is the common mechanism of resistance of the aminoglycosides?

A

enzymatic modification of the antibiotic

modification of the drug prevents its ability to bind to the ribosome, and preform bactericidal actions

56
Q

What is the mechanism of panems?

A

bind to PBPs and prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan

57
Q

What are the panems?

A

1) PENICILLIN G
2) PENICILLIN V
3) AMOXICILLIN
4) PIPERACLIIN
5) TRICARCILLIN

58
Q

What is the common mechanism of resistance against the b-lactams?

A

Beta-lactamase

59
Q

How do you deal with Beta-lactamase? (specific)

A

Add a Beta-lactamase inhibitor (which binds to it) along with the antibiotic

examples:
clauvanic acid
sulbactam
tazobactam

60
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

CEFAZOLIN

A

1) Class: CEPAHLOSPORIN — GEN 1
2) Mechanism: bind to PBPs (irrversibly) and prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan (same as other Beta-lactams)

3) Bacteria:
> 1ST GEN, so mostly G+ (POSITIVE)
>Klebsiella
>E.Coli

NOTE: Cefazolin does NOT fight against Enterococcus, anaerobic bacteria or atypical bacteria among others.

NOTE:
Cefazolin is useful for (MSSA) (strep)
But…does NOT work for (MRSA) (staph)

NOTE: Cepahlosporins are less susceptible to beta lactamases!

61
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

CEPHALEXIN

A

1) Class: CEPAHLOSPORIN — GEN 1
2) Mechanism: bind to PBPs (irrversibly) and prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan (same as other Beta-lactams)

3) Bacteria:
> 1ST GEN, so mostly G+ (POSITIVE)
>Klebsiella
>E.Coli

Note: Cepahlosporins are less susceptible to beta lactamases!

62
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

CEFAZOLIN

A

1) Class: 1st GEN CEPAHLOSPORIN — GEN 1 (–in)
2) Mechanism: bind to PBPs (irrversibly) and prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan (same as other Beta-lactams)

3) Bacteria:
> 1ST GEN, so mostly G+ (POSITIVE)
>Klebsiella
>E.Coli

NOTE: Cefazolin does NOT fight against Enterococcus, anaerobic bacteria or atypical bacteria among others.

NOTE:
Cefazolin is useful for (MSSA) (strep)
But…does NOT work for (MRSA) (staph)

NOTE: Cepahlosporins are less susceptible to beta lactamases!

63
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

CEPHALEXIN / CEFALEXIN

A

1) Class: 1st GEN CEPAHLOSPORIN — GEN 1 (–in)
2) Mechanism: bind to PBPs (irrversibly) and prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan (same as other Beta-lactams)

3) Bacteria:
> 1ST GEN, so mostly G+ (POSITIVE)
>Klebsiella
>E.Coli

Note: Cepahlosporins are less susceptible to beta lactamases!

64
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

CEFUROXIME

A

1) Class: 2ND GEN CEPAHLOSPORIN — GEN 2
2) Mechanism: bind to PBPs (irrversibly) and prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan (same as other Beta-lactams)

3) Bacteria:
> 2nd GEN, so less G+ (POSITIVE)
> NISSERIA
> HAEMOPHILUS

Note: Cepahlosporins are less susceptible to beta lactamases!

65
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

CEFOXITIN

A

1) Class: 2ND GEN CEPAHLOSPORIN — GEN 2
2) Mechanism: bind to PBPs (irrversibly) and prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan (same as other Beta-lactams)

3) Bacteria:
> 2nd GEN, so less G+ (POSITIVE)

NOTE: IT IS A STRONG BETA-LACTAMASE INDUCER!

Note: Cepahlosporins are less susceptible to beta lactamases!

66
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

CEFTRIAXONE

A

1) Class: 3RD GEN CEPAHLOSPORIN — GEN 3
2) Mechanism: bind to PBPs (irrversibly) and prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan (same as other Beta-lactams)

3) Bacteria:
> 3RD GEN, so less G+ (POSITIVE)
> Drug of choice for non-listeria MENINGITIS

NOTE: not useful against pseudomonas

Note: Cepahlosporins are less susceptible to beta lactamases!

67
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

CEFTAZIDIME

A

1) Class: 3RD GEN CEPAHLOSPORIN — GEN 3
2) Mechanism: bind to PBPs (irrversibly) and prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan (same as other Beta-lactams)

3) Bacteria:
> 3RD GEN, so less G+ (POSITIVE)
> MOSTLY G- (NEGATIVES)

Gram-negative aerobes...
> Enterobacter
> E. coli
> H. influenzae
> Klebsiella
> Proteus
> Pseudomonas
> N. meningitidis
Gram-positive aerobes
>  Staphylococcus aureus
> group B streptococci (GBS) 
> Streptococcus pneumoniae,
> Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)

Anaerobes
> Bacteroides

Note: Cepahlosporins are less susceptible to beta lactamases!

68
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

CYCLOSERINE

A

1) Class: n/a (cell wall inhibitor)

2) Mechanism: (intracellular/cytoplasmic)
>competitively inhibits the addition of D-Alanine to MurNAc (needed for peptidoglycan)

3) Bacteria:
> M. Tuberculosis

69
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

BACITRACIN

A

1) Class: n/a (cell wall inhibitor)

2) Mechanism: (intracellular/cytoplasmic)
> prevents phosphate removal (and thus recycling) of the lipid carrier needed for transferring peptidoglycan substrates across the lipid bilayer

3) Bacteria: G+ (POSITIVE)
> especially against GAS (S. pyogenes)

NOTE: only useful for external surfaces
(cannot be taken within the body due to toxicity)

70
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

FOSFOMYCIN

A

1) Class: n/a (cell wall inhibitor)

2) Mechanism: (intracellular/cytoplasmic)
> prevents MurNAc (NAM) systehsis inside the bacterial cell

3) Bacteria:
> G+ AND G-

71
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

VANCOMYCIN

A

1) Class: GLYCOPEPTIDE (cell wall inhibitor)
2) Mechanism: binds to “D-Ala-D-Ala” end reside, therby preventing PBP from binding and causing cross-linking of the peptidoglycan
3) Bacteria: G+ (POSITIVE) ONLY*
* this is because the molecule is very large

NOTE: Resistance is usually conferred by the bacteria changing the peptidoglycan by substituting D-Lac for the last D-Ala. This prevents Vancomycin binding but still allows for PBP specificity and cross-linking because the 5th reside (in this case D-Lac, but what is normally D-Ala) is removed during the cross-linking process

72
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

DAPTOMYCIN

A

1) Class: LIPOPEPTIDE (cell membrane inhibitor)

2) Mechanism:
> depolarizes the cytosolic membrane; membrane disruption

3) Bacteria: G+ (POSITIVE)

Note: DAPTOMYCIN mediated cytosolic membrane depolarization is novel mechanism; thus is is more useful against antibiotic resistant strains

73
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

POLYMIXIN B

A

1) Class: LIPOPEPTIDE (cell membrane inhibitor)

2) Mechanism:
> binds to LPS and disrupts both outer and cytosolic membranes

3) Bacteria: G- (NEGATIVE)
> e.g. pseudomonas

Note: POLYMIXIN B mediated membrane destruction is novel mechanism; thus is is more useful against antibiotic resistant strains

74
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

COLISTIN

A

1) Class: LIPOPEPTIDE (cell membrane inhibitor)

2) Mechanism:
> binds to LPS and disrupts both outer and cytosolic membranes

3) Bacteria: G- (NEGATIVE)
> e.g. pseudomonas

Note: COLISTIN mediated membrane destruction is novel mechanism; thus is is more useful against antibiotic resistant strains

75
Q

What is the mechanism of panems?

A

bind to PBPs and prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan

76
Q

What is the common mechanism of resistance against the b-lactams?

A

Beta-lactamase

77
Q

How do you deal with Beta-lactamase? (specific)

A

Add a Beta-lactamase inhibitor (which binds to it) along with the antibiotic

examples:
>CLAVULANIC ACID
>SULBACTAM
>TAZOBACTAM

78
Q

What is the mechanism of cephalosporins?

A

bind to PBPs and prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan

79
Q

What is the common mechanism of cephalosporin resistance?

A

Beta-lactamase

80
Q

What are the common cephalosporins?

A

1ST GEN

1) CEPHAZOLIN (cef-azolin) (cefa—in)
2) CEPHALEXIN (cef-alexin) (cefa—in)

2ND GEN

3) CEFUROXIME (-oxi-)
4) CEFOXITIN (-oxi-)

3RD GEN

5) CEFTRIAXONE
6) CEFTAZIDIME

4TH GEN
7) CEFEPIME

81
Q

What are the common cephalosporins?

A

1ST GEN

1) CEPHAZOLIN (cef-azolin) (cefa—in)
2) CEPHALEXIN (cef-alexin) (cefa—in)

2ND GEN

3) CEFUROXIME (-oxi-)
4) CEFOXITIN (-oxi-)

3RD GEN

5) CEFTRIAXONE
6) CEFTAZIDIME

4TH GEN
7) CEFEPIME

82
Q

Which antibiotics are membrane disruptors?

A

Disrupts cytosolic membrane === G+ use
> DAPTOMYCIN

Disrupts both membranes ==== G- use
> POLYMYXIN B
> COLISTIN

83
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

DAPTOMYCIN

A

1) Class: LIPOPEPTIDE (cell membrane inhibitor)

2) Mechanism:
> depolarizes the cytosolic membrane; membrane disruption

3) Bacteria: G+ (POSITIVE)

Note: DAPTOMYCIN mediated cytosolic membrane depolarization is novel mechanism; thus is is more useful against antibiotic resistant strains

84
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

ERYTHROMYCIN

A

1) Class: MACROLIDE
2) Mechanism: (50S; prevents elongation )
3) Bacteria: G+ (POSITIVE)

85
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

AZITHROMYCIN

A

1) Class: MACROLIDE
2) Mechanism: (50S; prevents elongation )
3) Bacteria: G+ (POSITIVE)

Note: more broad specificity than erythromycin

86
Q

What class?
What is the mechanism?
Useful for what types of bacteria?

CLARITHROMYCIN

A

1) Class: MACROLIDE
2) Mechanism: (50S; prevents elongation )
3) Bacteria: G+ (POSITIVE)

87
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the Tetracyclines?

A

protein inhibitor = 30S

binds to 30S of bacterial ribosome and prevents aminoacyl-tRNA binding (i.e. prevents initiation)

BacteriSTATIC

88
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the Aminoglycosides?

A

protein inhibitor = 30S

binds to 30S (IRREVERSIBLY) and creates premature mRNA release, mis-reading, and arresting of initiation

BactericCIDAL (only ribosome inhibitors to do so)

89
Q

What is the mechanism of panems?

A

bind to PBPs and prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan

BactericCIDAL

90
Q

What is the mechanism of cephalosporins?

A

bind to PBPs and prevent cross-linking of peptidoglycan

BactericCIDAL

91
Q

Which antibiotics are membrane disruptors?

A

Disrupts cytosolic membrane === G+ use
> DAPTOMYCIN

Disrupts both membranes ==== G- use
> POLYMYXIN B
> COLISTIN

BactericCIDAL

92
Q

What are the macrolides?

A

Nomeclature: (—-thromycin)

1) Erythromycin
2) Azithromycin
3) Clarithromycin

93
Q

What is the mechanism of the macrolides?

A

Ribosome Inhibitor: (50S; prevents elongation )

BacteriSTATIC

94
Q

What is the mechanism of the macrolides?

A

Ribosome Inhibitor: (50S; prevents elongation )

BacteriSTATIC

95
Q

What class of bacteria are used for the macrolides?

A

Gram-POSITIVE

G+

96
Q

What are the common forms of bacterial resistance for macrolides (2) ?

A

1)

2)

IAHA Block 2 - bacteriology (3 decks)

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