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ANTI: Biotics, Virals, Microbials > Antibiotics, Antivirals & Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antibiotics, Antivirals & Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteriocidal Drugs

A 
Betalactams
Aminoglycosides
Vanco/Dapto
Metronidazole
Nitrofurantoin
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2
Q

Betalactams

A

Penicillins & Cephalosporins

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3
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin & Tobramycin

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4
Q

Beta Lactam MOA

A

Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors

Binds PBPs & prevents transpeptidation

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5
Q

Aminoglycoside MOA

A

30S Subunit Ribosome Inhibition

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6
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

Loss of Helical Structure, DNA strand breakage

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7
Q

Vanco MOA

A

Bind D-Alan D-Alan & inhibits transPEPtidation

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8
Q

DaptoMycin MOA

A

Insertion into G+ Cell MEMBRANE causes cell death

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9
Q

Bacterio Static Drugs

A

Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Clindamycin
Sulfa Drugs

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10
Q

Macrolides

A

Azithromycin,
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin

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11
Q

Macrolide MOA

A

50 S Ribosome
Blocks mRNA
Inhibits Peptide Exit Tunnel

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12
Q

Erythromycin Side Effect

A

Prolonged QT

Not with: Dig, Warfarin or Statins

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13
Q

Tetracycline Side Effects

A

Discoloration of teeth in children/Fetus

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14
Q

Tetracycline MOA

A

30 S Ribosome Blocks tRNA

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15
Q

D-Ala D-Ala Inhibitors

A

Vanco - inhibits transPEPtidation

Dalbavancin- Inhibits transGLYCOsylation

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16
Q

DNA Gyrase Inhibitor

A

Cipro & Levo

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17
Q

Topoisomerase Inhibitor

A

Levo (2nt Gen Quinolone)

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18
Q

Clindamycin

A

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

MOA: 50S Ribosome @ subsite 23

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19
Q

Kills All Anaerobes except C.Dificile

A

Clindamycin

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20
Q

Tetracyclines. 30 S

A

Acne
Tick Borne Illness (Borgdorfi, Rikettsia)
Neisseria
MRSA

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21
Q

Quinolone Side Effects

A

NVD
QT Prolongation NOT for under 18/Athletes
Tendinitiis CKD, arrhythmias

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22
Q

Azythromax

A

Chlamydia
Legionella
H Influenzae
Mycoplasma

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23
Q

Gram Negative Cocci

A

Neisseria gonorrhea
Neisseria Meningititis All Rx is Cephtriaxone
Moraxella Catarrhalis

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24
Q

PolyEnes

A

Amphoteracin B

Nystatin

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25
Q

Life Threat Systemic Fungal Infection

A

Amphoteracin B

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26
Q

Topical Pwd for Candida

A

Nystanin

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27
Q

Gram Positive Rods

A

Clostridium, Mycobacteria, Anthrax, Listeria

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28
Q

Clostridium (c. Dif) Rx

A

Mitronidiazole or Vanco

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29
Q

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis RX

A

I Isoniazid
R Rifampin
E Ithambutol
P Pyrazinamide

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30
Q

Isoniazid MOA

A

Cell Wall Inhibitor

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31
Q

Rifampin MOA

A

Inhibits mRNA

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32
Q

Ethambutol MOA

A

Cell Wall Inhibitor

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33
Q

Pyraxinamide

A

Bacteriocidal but weak

Must use with Isoniazid & Rifampin

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34
Q

Listeria Rx

A

Ampicillin or Erythromycin

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35
Q

Ampicillin is Drug Of Choice for

A

Listeria: found in processed meats

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36
Q

No Alcohol with:

A

Metroniadazole
and
TB Drugs

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37
Q

Poly-Enes Ampho B & Nystatin

A

Bind Ergosterol in Fungal Membrane

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38
Q

Life Threat Fungal Infection

A

Amphoterecin B

Hypo Mg & Hypo K

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39
Q

Makes ‘Pores” in fungal walls

A

Nystatin a pwdr

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40
Q

Kleibsiella

A

Currant Jelly Sputum

Gentamycin & Cephtriaxone or solo: Imipenem

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41
Q

Top 2 Hospital Colonizers

A

Klebsiella & Pseudomonas

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42
Q

Antipseudomonals

A

Cephtriaxone
Cephepime
Cephtaroline (Teflaro) absolute last line drug, reserved

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43
Q

Cephpime

A

4th Gen Cephalosporin

Enterobacter & Pseudomonas

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44
Q

Aspiration Pneumonia Rx

A

Clindamycin

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45
Q

Clindamycin Causes

A

c. Dificile Rx is Metronidazole and/or Vanco

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46
Q

End of the LINE cephalosporin

A

CephtaroLINE for pseudomonas, IV 5th gen cephalo

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47
Q

Cepha

Cefa

A

1st gen

48
Q

OX
CepOXitine
CefurOXime

A

2nd Gen

49
Q

TaZ
POD and
Triax

A 
3rd Gen
Cross the BBB
POD is PO
Triax is IM
Taz is
50
Q

Pime as in Cefepime

A

4th gen
Enterobacter
Causes Neutropenia

51
Q

G & V Penicillins Rx for

The ‘Natural’ Pens

A

Syphllis & Strep
G is IM
V is Oral

52
Q

Bactrim

A

Trimethoprim & Sulfamethoxazole
Uncomplicated UTI
Pneumocystis Jerovecci - yeasty fungal pneum AIDS
Toxoplasmosis (cat litter & AIDS)

53
Q

QT Prolongation

A

Fluoroquinolones
&
Erythromycin

54
Q

Not with Dig, Warfarin or Statins

A

Erythromycin

55
Q

Causes both pneumonia & Meningitis

A

Strep Pneumonia

56
Q

Cause Metallic Taste

A

Metronidazole

DalbaVancin

57
Q

Aminopenicillins

A

NH2 group sneaks them through membrane
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
iAmpicillin (Listeria DOC)

58
Q

Anti Staph Side Group

A

Ox cillin & DiCLOXacillin

59
Q

GANcyclovir

A

“Gan Bang”

Cytomegalovirus

60
Q

Cat Scratch Fever

A

Pasteurella

Augmentin is RX

61
Q

Dapto causes

A

Rhabdo

Don’t use with statins

62
Q

Rocephin

A

Ceptriaxone

63
Q

Cause Pnemonia

A

Chlamydia
Legionella
Listeria
Mycoplasma

64
Q

Use Linezolid

A 
for Vanco Resistant MRSA
50 S (23rd subunit)
65
Q

DNA ‘UnWinder” Blockers

A

FluroQunolones
Cipro blocks gyrase
Levo blocks topoisomerase AND gyrase

66
Q

Use Against Mouth Flora

A

Penicillin or Clindamycin (if Pen Allergic)

67
Q

30 S

A

Tetracyclines static

and gentamycim. Vidal

68
Q

Metron-Dalba

A

Metallic taste
Metronidazole
Dalbavancin

69
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Dihydro- Folic Acid Inhibitor

70
Q

Sulfamethoxazole

A

Dihydro-Folic Acid Inhibitor via PABA

71
Q

Rifampin

A

mRNA inhibitor

faM= MRNA

72
Q

Ethambutol & Isoniazid (INH)

A

Mycobacterium Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors

73
Q

Acyclovir / GanCyclovir

A

Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitor via enzyme binding

74
Q

TamiFlu

Oseltamivir

A

Prevents viral release from host cell

75
Q

ZidoVuDine AZT (RetroVir)
and
Efavirenz

A

Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors

76
Q

Ritonavir

A

Active Pocket binder, blocks bind site of virus

77
Q

Enfurvitide

A

Blocks Fusion of virus to host cell

78
Q

Raltegravir

A

Insertion Blocker (into human DNA)

79
Q

Clotrimazole & Fluconazole

A

Inhibit Ergosterol via LANOSTEROL DEMETHYLASE

80
Q

Tolnaftate & Terbenafine

A

Inhibit Ergosterol via Squalene Epoxidase

81
Q

Capsofungin

A

Glucan Synthetase Inhibitor

82
Q

FluCytoSine

A

Fungal Prodrug

Inhibits Pyramidine Nucleotide Synthesis

83
Q

Aminoglycocides don’t kill

A

Anaerobes

84
Q

Gentamycin IV
Tobra Mycin Nebulization
Amikacin Iv/Im/Neb
Which body compartment?

A

Fluid

ECF

85
Q

Metronidazole Side Effects

A

Dilsulfurem Like Rxn to ETOH

Metallic taste

86
Q

Don’t give Bactrim/Chloramphenicol to

A

Infants: Grey Baby Syndrome

G6P6

87
Q

Oral for Vanco Resistant MRSA

A

Linezolid

88
Q

IV for Vanco Resistant MRSA

A

Dapto

89
Q

The Most Powerful P450 Inducer Known

A

Rifampin

CLARITHROMYCIN &Erythromycin also inhiibit

90
Q

Monobactam (Aztreonam) is

A

Only for Gram Negative Bugs

Only IV/IM

91
Q

5th Disease
Kawasaki
TSS

A

Don’t Blanche

92
Q

Lack of Abd Wall Muscles
Cryptorchidism (non-desc test)
Urinary tract congen. deform

A

prune belly

males
frequent uti
malrotation of the gut

93
Q

Missing Kidney(s)

A

Renal Agenesis

No contact sports
double loss - req immediate
transplant to survive

94
Q

Renal Agenesis traitis

A 
Autosomal Dominant
Hereditary
low ears
limb defects
receding chin
95
Q

Ectopic Kidney risks

A

Outside posterior compartment/low kidneys

prone to poor drainage, hydronephrosis & stones occur wherever urine pools

96
Q

Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Condition of enlarged kidneys usually identified on fetal sonogram

A

Poly Cystic Kidney Dz

Will need transplant in adulthood or dialysis

97
Q

Recessive Hereditary Condition of cysts & fibrosis at medullary/cortical junction in kidneys

Hyponatremia is the early clue or salt cravings

Progresses quickly, no cure
may present in infant renal failure or just HTN

A

Medullary Cystic Dz or

Juvenille Nephronopthsis

98
Q

Anaphlactoid Purpura
Blanching purport with
MIGRATORY ARTHRALGIAS

Usually preceded by URI or Strep Throat

A

Henoch-Schonlein

PEN if strep +
otherwise NSAIDS for arthralgias, perhaps prednisone but it won’t help the rash which just self resolves although its very alarming, unless there is still strep, this is harmless

99
Q

Microhematuria can last up to a year after this condition’s onset

Casts & proteinuria (tested via microalbumin test) should resolve earlier

A

Glomerulonephritis second to strep infection (a non-supporative strep complication)

Test for strep, PENN if +
steroids may speed healing or not

100
Q

Bowel protrusion into patent processes vaginalis

A

inguinal hernia - refer for surgical fix asap before it becomes incarcerated or strangulated

101
Q

Most frequent Urinary congenital anomaly

A

Double Ureter,

Remove if one is refluxing

102
Q

Grade I reflux

A

only backing up into ureter

103
Q

urine backs up into pelvis and calyxes but no distention

A

Grade II reflux

104
Q

Grade III reflux

A

backs up into pelvis & calyxes with distention

105
Q

Grades IV & V reflux

A

distention of calyx & pelvis with distortion of ureter and

Severe distention & Distortion

These require reimplantation and new valve construction

106
Q

RX Grades I & II reflux

A

prophylactic Bactrim (Amox if under 6 weeks) until it sorts itself out or progresses to III

107
Q

Surgury req for these refluxes

A

III IV & V

108
Q

Purpura rash begins on 3rd day palms/wrists/ankles progresses to limbs & trunk

Pathogen target is endothelium

Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia

V high fever 104!

Worst Case: DIC/Death

A

Rocky Mt Spotted Fever
RMSF

Doxy 100mg BID X 10 days no matter the age - tooth spots be damned this is a life threat

Rickesettia Rickesetii

109
Q

Neisseria Meningismus RX

A

Vanco & Cephtriaxone empirically, Change to PEN when culture comes back

DIC is big risk

110
Q

Toxic Shock bug & Rx

A

Staph A.

Surgury/tampons

102 F & Rash & AMStatus

Clindamycin & Vanco

111
Q

Leading cause of heart disease in US children

A

Kawasaki

Under 4
Strawberry Tongue
Fever
BiLat painless conjunt/red eye
lip cracking/ulcer/strwbry tongue
swollen hands/feet/desquamation

Rx is Aspirin

112
Q

Infectiosum

5th Dz

A

Slapped Cheeks

Parvo B19

113
Q

Hydrops Fetalis & Hemolytic Anemia if contracted by women in pregnancy

A

Parvo

Infectiosum

114
Q

Arthritis in women

A

Parvo

115
Q

Subitum

6th

Not Contagious

A

Rash appears when 105 F fever breaks

HHV6, rarely HHV7

116
Q

Amoxicillin Peds Dose

A

50mg/Kg/1X per day

Max 1000 mg/day

For 10 days

117
Q

Penn VK Peds dose under 27KG

Over 27Kg

A

250mg TID X 10 days

500mg TID X 10 days

ANTI: Biotics, Virals, Microbials (1 decks)

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