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BDS3: Periodontology > Antibiotics & Antiseptics > Flashcards

Antibiotics & Antiseptics Flashcards

1
Q

What is triclosan?

A

Antigingivitis agent

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2
Q

What are the active ingredients in antiseptics?

A 
Bisbiguanides
Phenols & essential oils
Stannous fluoride
Oxidising agents
Detergents
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3
Q

What is the substantivity of chlorhexidine digluconate?

A

12hrs

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4
Q

What are the mouthwash formulations of chlorhexidine digluconate available?

A
  1. 2% 10ml = 20mg 2x daily

0. 12% 15ml = 18mg 2x daily

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5
Q

What bacteria does chlorhexidine digluconate work against?

A

Active against gram +ve and gram -ve bacteria, fungi, yeasts (candida) and viruses (hep B & HIV)
No bacterial resistance reported

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6
Q

How does chlorhexidine digluconate work?

A

It is dicationic.
One cation adsorbs to pellicle coated teeth.
Other cation acts on bacterial membrane (leads to precipitation of cytoplasm and cell death)

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7
Q

What are the side effects of chlorhexidine digluconate?

A

Staining
Dicationic - inhibits absorption from the gut
Bitter taste - taste disturbances
Occasionally - mucosal erosion, dilute parotid swelling
Interaction with sodium lauryl sulphate

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8
Q

What is the substantivity of Triclosan?

A

5hrs

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9
Q

What is the effect of Triclosan?

A

20-40% decrease in plaque
20-40% decrease in gingivitis
23-55% anti-calculus activity

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10
Q

What is the action of Listerine?

A

14-56% plaque reduction

20-36% gingivitis reduction

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11
Q

What is the action of stannous fluoride?

A

20% decrease gingival index
30% decrease gingival bleeding
Improves gingival health by decreasing plaque virulence but very little plaque reduction.
Staining.

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12
Q

Name a bisbiguanide.

A

Chlorhexidine

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13
Q

What is the substantivity of sodium lauryl sulphate?

A

5-7hrs

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14
Q

Name a detergent.

A

sodium lauryl sulphate

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15
Q

What are the benefits of supragingival irrigation?

A

Enhances effects of toothbrushing
Decreases gingival index
Aids self performed OH

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16
Q

Name 3 halogen based antiseptics.

A

Povidone-iodine
Hypochlorite
Chlorhexidine

17
Q

What are the effects of hypochlorite?

A

Reduced PGI scores

Reduced BOP

18
Q

Name an oxidising agent.

A

Hydrogen peroxide

19
Q

What are the problems with antibiotics?

A

Resistance
Allergic reactions
Superinfection

20
Q

What methods of topical delivery of antibiotics are there when treating periodontal disease?

A

Minocycline gel
Doxycyline
Chlorhexidine chip

21
Q

What are the benefits of a chlorhexidine chip?

A

Reduces probing depth
Improves attachment level
(compared with root scaling)

22
Q

What are the advantages of local antibiotic delivery?

A

High conc in GCF
Low systemic uptake
Compliance is better

23
Q

What are the advantages of systemic antibiotic delivery?

A

Delivered via the serum to the tissues
Reach reservoirs e.g. tonsils, tongue
Less costly
Less time required for treatment

24
Q

Why may antibiotics/antiseptics be required in periodontal treatment in addition to mechanical therapy?

A

Mechanical therapy (scaling) may not remove periodontal pathogens.
Some sites are inaccessible to instruments (dentinal tubules).
Non-dental areas may be affected e.g. tonsils, tongue

25
Q

When is systemic delivery of antibiotics indicated in peridontal disease?

A

Periodontal abscesses
ANUG
Ongoing disease despite persistent mechanical therapy and good OH
Medically compromised patients

26
Q

What antibiotics would you prescribe for treatment of a periodontal abscess?

A

Amoxicillin 250mg TID for 3 days
Metronidazole 200mg TID for 3 days
+ RSD

27
Q

What antibiotics would you prescribe for treatment of ANUG?

A

Metronidazole 200mg TID for 3-5 days

+ debridement & scaling

28
Q

What is the purpose of systemic antibiotics and mechanical therapy in periodontal disease?

A

To reduce the bacterial load

To disrupt the biofilm

29
Q

When should tetracycline be avoided?

A

Children

Risk of staining developing teeth

BDS3: Periodontology (2 decks)

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