Antibiotics and Infection Flashcards
Name the four types of gram positive rods (bacilli)?
- Bacillus
- Coryne bacterium
- Listeria
- Clostridium
Name four things to note from a presentation with diptheriae?
Croup like cough
Smelly nasal discharge
Swollen bull neck
Describe how to distinguish between gram positive cocci?
Streptococcus = catalase (-ve) Staphylococcus = catalase (+ve)
Name 5 types of gram positive streptococcus?
- Group A strep (strep pyogenes) (tonilitis) (beta-clear)
- Group B strep (Ill baby) (beta-clear)
- Enteococcus (gamma)
- Strep pneumoniae (pneumonia) (alpha-green)
- Strep viridens (mouth comensal - subacute bacterial endocarditis) (alpha-green)
Which gram positive streptococcus organisms lead to UTI?
Enterococcus
Group B strep
Name the three types of gram positive staphylococcus?
- Staph aureus - coagulase (+ve)
- Staph saprophiticus - coagulase (-ve) - CA UTI
- Staph epidermis - coagulase (-ve) - skin infection
Name five types of infection that can be caused by Staph aureus?
Skin and soft tissue Pneumonia Infective endocarditis Osteomyelitis Septic arthritis
Name the two types of gram negative cocci?
Nieserria meningitidis
Nieserria gonorrhoea
Name two types of gram negative coccoid-rods?
Bordatella pertusis
Haemophilus influenza
Name four infections commonly caused by H.influenza?
Epiglotitis
Meningitis
Otitis media
Pneumonia
Name six types of gram negative rods?
Klebsiella E coli Morganella Proteus Pseudomonas H.pylori
Name three types of mycobateria which do not gram stain?
- Mycoplasma
- Chlamydia
- Legionella
Name the five bacterial areas that antibacterial drugs can target?
Cell membrane (gram negative ONLY) Cell wall - B-lactams Chromosomes - Trimethoprim Cytoplasm - Metronidazol Ribsomes - Macrolides and Tetracycline
Name a drug which targets the bacterial cell membrane and describe its mechanism of action?
Collistin
Acts likea detergent - interacts with and disrupts phospholipids on the cell membrane
Gram NEGATIVE bacteria ONLY have outer cell membranes
Describe how B-lactams work to target the cell wall of bacteria and how are they excreted and what is their major S/E?
Inhibit bacteria cell wall formation by inhibiting the cross-linking with peptidoglycan (via binding to penicillin-binding-protiens) = bactericidal
Excreted renally
Name from narrow spec - broad spec order 4 types of penicillin (B-lactam)?
(FACaT)
- Flucoxacillin (Gram positive ONLY - cellulitis/septic A) = Penicillinase resistant
- Amoxicillin - can cross BBB (meningitis)
- Co-Amoxiclav - deeper skin infections and intra-abdo
- Tazocin - very good gram (+VE and -VE) cover
Name and describe a first generation cephalosporin (B-lactam)?
1st generation = Cephalexin PO
Skin infections and UTI
Both grams covered and anaerobic cover
Name and describe a second generation cephalosporin (B-lactam)?
2nd generation = Cefuroxime IV
Both grams covered but NO anaerobic cover
S/E - c.diff
Name and describe a third generation cephalosporin (B-lactam)?
3rd generation = Cefotaxime IV
Broad Gram NEGATIVE cover however decreased gram positive
Crosses BBB - Meningitis
Name three common side effects of B-lactams? (Penicillins and cephalosporins)
GI disturbances (c.diff)
Hepatitis and cholecystitis
Amoxicillin - EBV - RASH
