Antibiotics Flashcards
Bacitracin
Cell Wall Inhibitor (PDG)
gram + only; ung only
Polysporin and Neosporin (soln and ung)
- in soln, replaced with gramcidin
Vancomycin
Cell Wall Inhibitor (PDG)
gram + and MRSA; IV and intravitreal only
AE: nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, red man syndrome
Fortified Abx for severe bacterial infections
PCN
Cell Wall Inhibitor (Transpeptidase)
oral/injectables only
Augmentin (amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid)
- Dose: 500 or 875mg / 125mg tablet; 1 tablet PO bid x 5-14 days
- take with food
AE: allergy, diarrhea
Contraindicated in GI or liver/renal impairment
Cephalosporins
Cell Wall Inhibitor (Transpeptidase)
orals and injectables
if PCN allergy (need 3rd gen or higher)
Cefazolin
1st gen: gram + and some -
IV and fortified for corneal ulcers
Cephalexin
1st gen
500mg bid x 5-14 days
Cefaclor
2nd gen: gram - and some +
oral capsule good for children
Cefdinir
3rd gen: better - and some +
oral
Ceftriaxone
oral, IM (gon), IV (orbital cellulitis)
Ceftazidime
intravitreal injection
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
30s: Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines
50s: macrolides, clindamycin, linezolid
Aminoglycosides
gram - coverage and available in soln/ung except Amikacin (intravitreal)
oral: ototoxicity, paralysis, and nephrotoxicity
topical: allergic contact dermatitis, SPK
- has some + coverage
Pseudomonas (T > G >N)
Tobramycin
covers MRSA
can be fortified for corneal ulcer
Tobradex or Zylet
Gentamicin
can be fortified for corneal ulcer
Neomycin
broad spectrum except not pseudomonas or strep
Neosporin: neo and poly and bacitracin
Maxitrol: neo and poly and dexamethasone
Tetracyclines
30s Protein Inhibitor
oral and injectables with gram -/+ and MRSA and chlamydia
AE: gastric discomfort, phototoxicity, not for pregnant or kids, hemolytic anemia, benign intracranial HTN
Doxycycline
DOC for chlamydia
- 100mg PO bid x 1 week
used to treat rosacea, pterygium, RCE
Macrolides
50s protein inhibitor
orals and injectables
- orals prolong QT prolongation, hepatic issues, gastric discomfort
E and A have ophthalmic preparations
Erythromycin (macrolide)
narrow spectrum
ung: ocular surface infection and prophylaxis of ophthalmic neonatorum
oral: used as chlamydia (NOT DOC)
Azithromycin (macrolide)
oral, IV and ophthalmic
DOC for Chlamydia
- 1000mg one time
Azasite: soln for bacterial conjunctivitis
Clindamycin
serious infections with PCN allergy
Linezolid
oral and injectable but MANY AE and narrow spectrum so rarely used
QT prolongation
DNA Synthesis Inhibitors
DNA gyrase and Topo IV: FLQ
Folic Acid: Trimethoprim and Sulfonamides
