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Antibiotics > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism of action: Penicillin

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis, inhibit cross-linking of peptidoglycan (transpeptidation), activation of autolytic enzyme

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2
Q

Penicillin resistance

A

B-lactamase (penicillinase), mutation in PBPs

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3
Q

Common antipseudomonas penicillin

A

pipercillin, ticacillin

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4
Q

Common Aminopenicillins

A

Ampicillins, amoxicillins

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5
Q

Common Penicillinase-resistance penicillins

A

Dicloxacillin, nafcillin

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6
Q

Clinical usage of penicillin

A

Pneumococcal infection, streptococcal infection, meningococcal infection, gonococcal infection, syphilis, clostridium infection

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7
Q

Amoxicillin & Amphicillin

A

Extended spectrum of gram negative bacteria - GI track infection, enterococci, H. influenzae

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8
Q

common 1st gen cephalosporin

A

Cefadroxil, cephalexin, cephazolin

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9
Q

common 2nd gen cephalosporin

A

cefoxitin, cefuroxime

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10
Q

Common 3rd gen cephalosporin

A

Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefoperazone

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11
Q

Common 4th gen cephalosporin

A

Cefepime, cefpirome

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12
Q

Common 5th gen cephalosporin

A

Ceftaroline, ceftobiprole

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13
Q

Common antipseudomonas cephalosporin

A

ceftazidime, cefoperazone (3rd gen) cefepime (5th gen)

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14
Q

Clinical use of 1st gen cephalosporin

A

cefazolin, cephalexin, S. aureus Surgical prophylaxis

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15
Q

Clinical use of 2nd gen cephalosporin

A

Treating community acquired pneumonia

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16
Q

Clinical use of 3rd gen cephalosporin

A

Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime - Gram negative (non ESBL)

Ceftazidime, cefoperazone - antipseudomonas

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17
Q

Clinical use of 4th gen cephalosporin

A

Cefopime, cefpirome - antipseudomonas, treating gram negative ESBL

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18
Q

Clinical use of ceftaroline, ceftobiprole

A

treating MRSA, VRSA, PRSA (CAP)

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19
Q

clinacal usage of ceftriaxone (3rd gen)

A

treat upper UTI, nosocomial pneumonia

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20
Q

drugs treating PPNG (penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae)

A

Cephalosporin

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21
Q

common carbapenam drugs

A

imepenam, meropenam, ertapenam, doripenam

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22
Q

Clinical use of carbapenam

A

life threatening infection, gram positive cocci/bacilli: Listeria, Corynebacterium, gram negative***: ESBL, pseudomonas (except ertapenam), skin infection, gram negative septicemia, UTI

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23
Q

carbapenam ADR

A

hypersensitivity, nausea/vomiting, CNS toxicity (seizure) - high dose, can cross reaction with penicillin

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24
Q

Common glycopeptide drugs

A

vancomycin

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25
Q

vancomycin mechanism

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis

26
Q

clinical use of vancomycin

A

gram positive bactericidal (bacteriostatic against C. difficile), **treating multidrug-resistant organisms (i.e. MRSA), prophylaxin in prosthetic valve replacement, ***penicillin/cephalosporin-resistant streptococcus infection

27
Q

vancomycin ADR

A

redman/redneck syndrome, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

28
Q

protein synthesis inhibitor drugs

A

macrolides, tetracyclins, lincosamides, aminoglycosides

29
Q

Common macrolides drugs

A

erythomycin, Azithromycin (-thromycin)

30
Q

macrolides mechanism of action

A

binding to 50s subunit, inhibiting translocation

31
Q

clinical use of macrolides

A

treating atypical pneumonia (Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia) treating Streptococcal infection in patients allergic to penicillins (cephalosporin, cabapenam)

32
Q

macrolide ADR

A

GIupset, eosinophilia

33
Q

Common tetracyclines

A

1st gen - tetracycline, oxytetracycline, demeclocycline
2nd gen - doxycycline, minocycline
3rd gen - tigecycline

34
Q

clinical use of tetracycline

A

broad spectrum against gram positive anaerobe, good for mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella

acne treatment

cover H. influenzae, Leptospira interrogans (Doxycyclin), Rickettsia

35
Q

Tetracycline ADR

A

Tooth discoloration & hypoplasia (children), photosensitivity*

36
Q

Common lincosamide drugs

A

Clindamycin, Lincomycin

37
Q

lincosamide mechanism

A

blocking peptide transfer by binding to 50s subunit (similar to macrolides)

38
Q

clindamycin ADR

A

pseudomonas colitis (C. difficile overgrowth), diarrhea

39
Q

miscellaneous antibiotic drugs

A

Fluoroquinolones, sulfonamide + trimethroprim

40
Q

fluoroquinolone drugs

A

1st gen - nalidic acid
2nd gen - norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, oflaxacin
3rd gen - levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin
4th gen - sitafloxacin

41
Q

mechanism of fluoroquinolone

A

inhibit topoisomerase 3 (DNA gyrase)

42
Q

UTI fluoroquinolones

A

ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin

43
Q

clinical use of Norfloxacin

A

Cover Enterobacteriaceae, abdominal infection

44
Q

clinical use of levofloxacin

A

treat respiratory infection, atypical pneumonia

45
Q

fluoroquinolone ADR

A

tendon rupture in elders, CNS toxicity (prohibited in patients with epilepsy), C. difficile overgrowth, rash, GI upset

46
Q

what is Co-trimoxazole

A

sulfonamide + trimethroprim together for better bactericidal

47
Q

Clinical use of co-trimoxazole

A

cover both gram positive amd gram negative bacteria ( EXCEPT Pseudomonas aeruginosa), prophylaxis in patients with HIV i.ei Toxoplasmosis prophylaxis

48
Q

co-trimoxazole ADR

A

hypersensitivity, hemolysis in G6PD patients, photosensitivity, nephrotoxicity

49
Q

metronidazole mechanism

A

toxic free radical synthesis in bacteria causing cell damage

50
Q

clinical use of metronidazole

A

good coverage of anaerobes, parasite, bacterial vagiosis, C. difficile (1st line pseudomembranous colitis), Trichomonas vaginalis

51
Q

Metronidazole ADR

A

nausea, GI-toxicity

52
Q

antipseudomonas

A

pipercillin + tazobactam, aminoglycosides, ceftazidime, cefparazone, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenam, meropenam, colistin

53
Q

anaerobes infection medication

A

metronidazole, clindamycin, piperacillin + tazobactam, ampicillin + sulbactam, amoxicillin + calvulanate, carbapenam except meropenam, moxifloxacin, tigecycline

54
Q

MRSA

A

co-trimoxazole, clindamycin, doxycycline, vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin

55
Q

Vancomycin-resistance enterococcus

A

Linazolid, tigecycline, daptomycin

56
Q

Cephalosporins that does not have nephrotoxicity as ADR

A

ceftriaxone, cefoparazone

57
Q

Disulfuram-like reaction

A

inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase

58
Q

Antibiotics causing disulfuram-like reaction

A

Cephalosporin, metronidazole

59
Q

treating leptospirosis

A

Penicillin G, doxycyclin

60
Q

prostatitis (UTI)

A

ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin

61
Q

pharyngitis

A

penicillin V, amoxicillin, macrolides if allergic to amoxicillin

62
Q

enterobacteriaceae

A

norfloxacin

Antibiotics (1 decks)

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