Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Beta-lactams

  • Examples
  • Mechanism
  • Excretion
A

Includes

  • Penicillin
  • Cephalosporins

Inhibit peptidoglycan crosslinking

Mainly renally excreted

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2
Q

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

  • Mechanism
  • Examples
A

Beta-lactamase enzymes are usually produced by gram negative/ anaerobic bacteria

Inhibitors stop beta lactam from being degraded by these bacteria

Examples (CAST)

  • Clavulanic acid (Co-amoxiclav)
  • Sulbactam (ampicillin)
  • Tazobactam (piperacillin to make tazocin)
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3
Q

Tazocin

  • Mechanism
  • Indications
A

Mechanisms

  • Tazobactam combined with piperacillin
  • Beta-lactamase inhibitor+ beta lactam

Indications
- Pseudomonas infections
(pneumonia, peritonitis)

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4
Q

Aminopenicillin

  • Examples
  • Clinical use
A

Amoxicillin- PO/ IV
Ampicillin- IV/IM

Uses: some gram positive aerobes, gram - bacilli (HHEELPSS)
- H.pylori
- H. influenzae
- E. coli
- Enterococci
- Listeria
- Proteus
- Salmonella
- Spirochetes
-
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5
Q

Piperacillin

  • Mechanism
  • Indications
A

Ueridopencillin
- Only given IV

Use- extended spectrum

  • Gram negative bacilli
  • Pseudomonas
  • Anaerobes
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6
Q

Glycopeptides

  • Mechanism
  • Examples
  • Indications
A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan
- different site to pencillin

Examples
- Vancomycin

Uses: broad spectrum gram positive

  • MRSA
  • S. epidermis
  • Enterococci
  • C. difficile
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7
Q

Aminoglycosides

  • Mechanism
  • Examples
  • Uses
A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit.

Examples

  • Gentamicin
  • Streptomycin

Uses

  • Severe Gram - bacilli
  • Streptomycin: MTB
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8
Q

Tetracyclines

  • Mechanism
  • Examples
  • Uses
A

Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking ribosome sites
- Different site to aminoglycosides

Examples

  • Tetracycline
  • Doxycycline
  • Demeclocycline

Uses

  • Atypical bacteria: mycoplasma, Chlamydia
  • Acne
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9
Q

Macrolides

  • Mechanism
  • Examples
  • Uses
A

Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking translation in ribosome

Examples

  • Erythromycin
  • Azithromycin
  • Clarithromycin

Clinical use

  • Atypical pneumonia
  • URTI
  • Chlamydia STI
  • Gram + cocci.
  • Neisseria
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10
Q

Cephalosporins

  • Mechanism
  • Examples
  • Uses
A

Beta lactam
- Disrupt peptidoglycan synthesis

Examples

  • Cefepime
  • Ceftazidime
  • Cefaclor
  • Cephalexin (1st)

Uses

  • First generation= Gram positive. Skin infections
  • Later generations= gram negative activity
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