Antibiotics Flashcards
Beta-lactams
- Examples
- Mechanism
- Excretion
Includes
- Penicillin
- Cephalosporins
Inhibit peptidoglycan crosslinking
Mainly renally excreted
Beta-lactamase inhibitors
- Mechanism
- Examples
Beta-lactamase enzymes are usually produced by gram negative/ anaerobic bacteria
Inhibitors stop beta lactam from being degraded by these bacteria
Examples (CAST)
- Clavulanic acid (Co-amoxiclav)
- Sulbactam (ampicillin)
- Tazobactam (piperacillin to make tazocin)
Tazocin
- Mechanism
- Indications
Mechanisms
- Tazobactam combined with piperacillin
- Beta-lactamase inhibitor+ beta lactam
Indications
- Pseudomonas infections
(pneumonia, peritonitis)
Aminopenicillin
- Examples
- Clinical use
Amoxicillin- PO/ IV
Ampicillin- IV/IM
Uses: some gram positive aerobes, gram - bacilli (HHEELPSS) - H.pylori - H. influenzae - E. coli - Enterococci - Listeria - Proteus - Salmonella - Spirochetes -
Piperacillin
- Mechanism
- Indications
Ueridopencillin
- Only given IV
Use- extended spectrum
- Gram negative bacilli
- Pseudomonas
- Anaerobes
Glycopeptides
- Mechanism
- Examples
- Indications
Inhibits cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan
- different site to pencillin
Examples
- Vancomycin
Uses: broad spectrum gram positive
- MRSA
- S. epidermis
- Enterococci
- C. difficile
Aminoglycosides
- Mechanism
- Examples
- Uses
Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit.
Examples
- Gentamicin
- Streptomycin
Uses
- Severe Gram - bacilli
- Streptomycin: MTB
Tetracyclines
- Mechanism
- Examples
- Uses
Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking ribosome sites
- Different site to aminoglycosides
Examples
- Tetracycline
- Doxycycline
- Demeclocycline
Uses
- Atypical bacteria: mycoplasma, Chlamydia
- Acne
Macrolides
- Mechanism
- Examples
- Uses
Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking translation in ribosome
Examples
- Erythromycin
- Azithromycin
- Clarithromycin
Clinical use
- Atypical pneumonia
- URTI
- Chlamydia STI
- Gram + cocci.
- Neisseria
Cephalosporins
- Mechanism
- Examples
- Uses
Beta lactam
- Disrupt peptidoglycan synthesis
Examples
- Cefepime
- Ceftazidime
- Cefaclor
- Cephalexin (1st)
Uses
- First generation= Gram positive. Skin infections
- Later generations= gram negative activity