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Nurp 422 Exam 2 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins are bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bactericidal

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2
Q

What is the MOA of penicillins?

A

Weakens the bacterial cell wall causing the bacteria to absorb water and rupture.

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3
Q

1st line treatment of Penicillin:

A

Syphilis and group A strep

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4
Q

1st line treatment of ampicillin:

A

Strep, otitis media

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5
Q

Other indications for penicillins:

A

URI, UTI, STI, pharyngitis, sinusitis

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6
Q

Can penicillin cross into CSF?

A

Yes with inflammation

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7
Q

What pregnancy class are penicillins?

A

B

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8
Q

Do you give penicillin on empty stomach or with food?

A

Empty stomach

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9
Q

Do you give amoxicillin on empty stomach or with food?

A

With or without food

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10
Q

Are penicillins safe in peds?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Are cephalosporins bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bactericidal

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12
Q

What is the MOA of cephalosporins?

A

Inhibit the bacterial enzyme that is necessary for cell wall synthesis.

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13
Q

What are first generation cephalosporins?

A

Cephalexin

Cefazolin

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14
Q

What are 2nd generation cephalosporins?

A

Cefuroxime

Cefaclor

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15
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins:

A

Ceftriaxone

Omnicef

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16
Q

4th generation cephalosporins;

A

Cefepime

Maxipime

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17
Q

What generation cephalosporins cross into CSF and is it with inflammation or without?

A

3rd and 4th with inflammation

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18
Q

What do 1st generation cephalosporins treat?

A

URI
Gram + skin infections
Surgical prophylaxis IV

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19
Q

What do 2nd generation cephalosporins treat?

A

URI
UTI
Gonorrhea with azithromycin

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20
Q

What do 3rd generation cephalosporins treat?

A

Bacterial meningitis
Septicemia
Pneumonia

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21
Q

What do 4th generation cephalosporins treat?

A

Multi-drug resistant organisms like strep and staph

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22
Q

What generation can treat MRSA in the cephalosporins?

A

5th

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23
Q

What generation cephalosporins need to decrease dose with decreased GFR?

A

3rd and 4th

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24
Q

What pregnancy class are cephalosporins?

A

B

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25
Are cephalosporins safe in lactation and peds?
Lactation: safe Peds: varies
26
What are some adverse reactions with cephalosporins?
Maculopapular rash after 2nd dose N/V/D Nephrotoxic
27
What antibiotics can cause a Disulfiram type reaction when taken with alcohol?
Cephalosporins | Flagyl
28
What is a disulfiram type reaction?
Flushing Dizziness N/V
29
What are beta lactamase inhibitors useful in treating?
Sinusitis CAP Otitis media URI
30
Glycopeotides include:
Vancomycin | Telavancin
31
Glycopeptides MOA:
Bactericidal- inhibits fell wall synthesis
32
Macrolides include:
Erythromycin Clarithromycin Azithromycin
33
Macrolides MOA:
Bacteriostatic: inhibit protein synthesis
34
Macrolides are the treatment of choice for:
Pertussis
35
Erythromycin is dosed: and useful in treating:
Q6hr dosing | H. pylori, Sinusitis
36
Clarithromycin dosed: and useful in treating:
Q12hr dosing | 1st line H. pylori, sinusitis, pharyngitis
37
Azithromycin dosed: and useful in treating:
Dosed daily 1st line CAP, pertussis, chlamydia 2nd line strep (1st line with PCN allergy) Gonorrhea with ceftriaxone
38
Macrolides general indications:
``` URI Mycoplasma pneumonia Otitis media Pertussis Pharyngitis ```
39
Macrolides pregnancy category:
B except Clarithromycin which is C
40
Macrolides lactation and peds info:
Lactation: safe Peds: over 6 months (less than 6 months increases risk of pyloric stenosis)
41
Antibiotics that prolong QT interval:
Macrolides | Fluoroquinolones
42
With clarithromycin what CCl needs dosage to be halved?
30
43
Clindamycin is what type of antibiotic?
Lincosamide
44
Lincosamides MOA:
Bacteriostatic-suppresses protein synthesis
45
Indications for lincosamides (clindamycin):
``` 1st line MRSA Cellulitis Osteomyelitis Bacterial vaginosis * primarily for skin and URI ```
46
Clindamycin Pregnancy category: Lactation: Peds:
Pregnancy: B Lactation: evaluate risk/benefit Peds: severe infection only
47
Monitor what long term with clindamycin?
BUN and creatinine
48
Zivox/linezoid is a type of what antibiotic?
Oxazolidinones
49
Zyvox/linezoid MOA:
Bacteriostatic- prevents protein synthesis
50
Zyvox/linezoid used to treat:
MRSA VRE TB Group A/B strep
51
Zyvox/linezoid Pregnancy: Lactation: Peds:
Pregnancy: C Lactation: evaluate risk/benefit Peds: approved from birth on with caution
52
Monitor CBCs long term with zyvox due to risk of?
``` Myelosuppression Thrombocytopenia Anemia Leukopenia Pancytopenia ```
53
Use caution with SSRI and zyvox d/t risk of what?
Serotonin syndrome: hyperthermia, autonomic instability, rigidity, and myoclonus
54
Tetracyclines include:
Doxycycline | Minocycline
55
Tetracycline MOA:
Bacteriostatic- inhibits protein synthesis
56
Tetracyclines indicates for:
Chlamydia Mycoplasma pneumonia Rocky Mountain spotted fever Lyme disease
57
doxycycline used to treat:
1st line Lyme disease CAP MRSA
58
Minocycline used to treat:
Acne | Community acquired MRSA
59
What dietary instructions for patients on tetracyclines?
Do not take with calcium | Take with full glass of water
60
Tetracyclines and pregnancy:
Doxy: D Rest: X Can chelate to bones and inhibit fetal growth
61
Tetracyclines and lactation:
Compatible
62
Tetracyclines and peds:
Avoid in kids under 8 due to risk of teeth staining
63
Monitor what long term with tetracyclines?
LFT and BUN
64
What are aminoglycosides?
Gentamicin Neomycin Tobramycin Amikacin
65
Aminoglycosides are synergistic with?
Beta-lactam antibiotics
66
Aminoglycosides MOA:
Bactericidal- inhibits protein synthesis
67
Fluoroquinolones include:
Levofloxacin Ciprofloxacin Moxifloxacin
68
Fluoroquinolones MOA:
Bactericidal- interferes with action of DNA
69
Fluoroquinolones general indications:
E. coli CAP Klebsiella 1st line: bronchitis
70
Ciprofloxacin preferred agent for:
Nosocomial pneumonia
71
Ciprofloxacin dietary teaching:
Impaired absorption with dairy.
72
Fluoroquinolones and pregnancy class and lactation:
Pregnancy: C | Avoid in lactation due to risk of cartilage abnormalities in baby.
73
Fluoroquinolones and peds:
Not recommended in patients under 18 due to risk of tendon rupture and joint pain.
74
You can use fluoroquinolones in peds under 18 for:
Complicated UTIs Pyelonephritis Post-anthrax exposure
75
Fluoroquinolones in the elderly:
Increases risk of tendon rupture and CNS confusion
76
Cautions in fluoroquinolones:
Renal dysfunctions - alter dose with CrCl under 50 Prolongs QT G6PD
77
Antacid decrease absorption in:
Fluoroquinolones
78
Pls with G6PD should not take what antibiotics?
Fluoroquinolones Sulfonimides Macrobid
79
Metronidazole/Flagyl MOA:
Bactericidal- interferes with action of DNA
80
Flagyl indications:
1st line C.diff, bacterial vaginosis, vaginal trichomonas | STIs
81
Distribution of Flagyl:
Widely distributed to most tissues including CSF ( use with caution in patients with seizures).
82
Flagyl Pregnancy: Lactation: Peds:
Flagyl Pregnancy: B, except 1st trimester Lactation: use with extreme caution Peds: oral 1-11 approved
83
Sulfonamides include:
Bactrim and bactrim ds
84
Sulfonamides MOA:
Bacteriostatic- inhibit bacterial synthesis of folic acid Broad spectrum
85
Bactrim indicates for treatment of:
E. Coli UTI 1st line MRSA Gonorrhea
86
Bactrim requires dose adjustment with:
Renal and haptic impairment | Elderly cannot use with CrCL less than 40
87
Bactrim Pregnancy: Lactation: Peds:
Bactrim Pregnancy: C/D Lactation: safe Peds: contraindicated for babies less than 2 months due to kernicterus
88
Nitrofurantoin/macrobid MOA:
Bacteriostatic- inhibits protein synthesis
89
Macrobid used in treatment of:
Uncomplicated UTIs | Acute cystitis caused by E. coli
90
Macrobid Pregnancy: Lactation: Peds:
Macrobid Pregnancy: B, do not give at term Lactation: safe Peds: contraindicated for babies less than 2 months due to risk of hemolysis
91
Macrobid can cause permanent:
Peripheral neuropathy

Nurp 422 Exam 2 (1 decks)

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