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Nurp 422 Exam 2 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins are bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bactericidal

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2
Q

What is the MOA of penicillins?

A

Weakens the bacterial cell wall causing the bacteria to absorb water and rupture.

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3
Q

1st line treatment of Penicillin:

A

Syphilis and group A strep

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4
Q

1st line treatment of ampicillin:

A

Strep, otitis media

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5
Q

Other indications for penicillins:

A

URI, UTI, STI, pharyngitis, sinusitis

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6
Q

Can penicillin cross into CSF?

A

Yes with inflammation

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7
Q

What pregnancy class are penicillins?

A

B

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8
Q

Do you give penicillin on empty stomach or with food?

A

Empty stomach

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9
Q

Do you give amoxicillin on empty stomach or with food?

A

With or without food

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10
Q

Are penicillins safe in peds?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Are cephalosporins bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bactericidal

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12
Q

What is the MOA of cephalosporins?

A

Inhibit the bacterial enzyme that is necessary for cell wall synthesis.

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13
Q

What are first generation cephalosporins?

A

Cephalexin

Cefazolin

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14
Q

What are 2nd generation cephalosporins?

A

Cefuroxime

Cefaclor

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15
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins:

A

Ceftriaxone

Omnicef

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16
Q

4th generation cephalosporins;

A

Cefepime

Maxipime

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17
Q

What generation cephalosporins cross into CSF and is it with inflammation or without?

A

3rd and 4th with inflammation

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18
Q

What do 1st generation cephalosporins treat?

A

URI
Gram + skin infections
Surgical prophylaxis IV

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19
Q

What do 2nd generation cephalosporins treat?

A

URI
UTI
Gonorrhea with azithromycin

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20
Q

What do 3rd generation cephalosporins treat?

A

Bacterial meningitis
Septicemia
Pneumonia

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21
Q

What do 4th generation cephalosporins treat?

A

Multi-drug resistant organisms like strep and staph

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22
Q

What generation can treat MRSA in the cephalosporins?

A

5th

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23
Q

What generation cephalosporins need to decrease dose with decreased GFR?

A

3rd and 4th

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24
Q

What pregnancy class are cephalosporins?

A

B

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25
Q

Are cephalosporins safe in lactation and peds?

A

Lactation: safe
Peds: varies

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26
Q

What are some adverse reactions with cephalosporins?

A

Maculopapular rash after 2nd dose
N/V/D
Nephrotoxic

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27
Q

What antibiotics can cause a Disulfiram type reaction when taken with alcohol?

A

Cephalosporins

Flagyl

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28
Q

What is a disulfiram type reaction?

A

Flushing
Dizziness
N/V

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29
Q

What are beta lactamase inhibitors useful in treating?

A

Sinusitis
CAP
Otitis media
URI

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30
Q

Glycopeotides include:

A

Vancomycin

Telavancin

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31
Q

Glycopeptides MOA:

A

Bactericidal- inhibits fell wall synthesis

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32
Q

Macrolides include:

A

Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin

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33
Q

Macrolides MOA:

A

Bacteriostatic: inhibit protein synthesis

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34
Q

Macrolides are the treatment of choice for:

A

Pertussis

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35
Q

Erythromycin is dosed: and useful in treating:

A

Q6hr dosing

H. pylori, Sinusitis

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36
Q

Clarithromycin dosed: and useful in treating:

A

Q12hr dosing

1st line H. pylori, sinusitis, pharyngitis

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37
Q

Azithromycin dosed: and useful in treating:

A

Dosed daily
1st line CAP, pertussis, chlamydia
2nd line strep (1st line with PCN allergy)
Gonorrhea with ceftriaxone

38
Q

Macrolides general indications:

A 
URI
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Otitis media
Pertussis
Pharyngitis
39
Q

Macrolides pregnancy category:

A

B except Clarithromycin which is C

40
Q

Macrolides lactation and peds info:

A

Lactation: safe
Peds: over 6 months (less than 6 months increases risk of pyloric stenosis)

41
Q

Antibiotics that prolong QT interval:

A

Macrolides

Fluoroquinolones

42
Q

With clarithromycin what CCl needs dosage to be halved?

A

30

43
Q

Clindamycin is what type of antibiotic?

A

Lincosamide

44
Q

Lincosamides MOA:

A

Bacteriostatic-suppresses protein synthesis

45
Q

Indications for lincosamides (clindamycin):

A 
1st line MRSA
Cellulitis
Osteomyelitis 
Bacterial vaginosis 
* primarily for skin and URI
46
Q

Clindamycin
Pregnancy category:
Lactation:
Peds:

A

Pregnancy: B
Lactation: evaluate risk/benefit
Peds: severe infection only

47
Q

Monitor what long term with clindamycin?

A

BUN and creatinine

48
Q

Zivox/linezoid is a type of what antibiotic?

A

Oxazolidinones

49
Q

Zyvox/linezoid MOA:

A

Bacteriostatic- prevents protein synthesis

50
Q

Zyvox/linezoid used to treat:

A

MRSA
VRE
TB
Group A/B strep

51
Q

Zyvox/linezoid
Pregnancy:
Lactation:
Peds:

A

Pregnancy: C
Lactation: evaluate risk/benefit
Peds: approved from birth on with caution

52
Q

Monitor CBCs long term with zyvox due to risk of?

A 
Myelosuppression
Thrombocytopenia 
Anemia
Leukopenia 
Pancytopenia
53
Q

Use caution with SSRI and zyvox d/t risk of what?

A

Serotonin syndrome: hyperthermia, autonomic instability, rigidity, and myoclonus

54
Q

Tetracyclines include:

A

Doxycycline

Minocycline

55
Q

Tetracycline MOA:

A

Bacteriostatic- inhibits protein synthesis

56
Q

Tetracyclines indicates for:

A

Chlamydia
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Lyme disease

57
Q

doxycycline used to treat:

A

1st line Lyme disease
CAP
MRSA

58
Q

Minocycline used to treat:

A

Acne

Community acquired MRSA

59
Q

What dietary instructions for patients on tetracyclines?

A

Do not take with calcium

Take with full glass of water

60
Q

Tetracyclines and pregnancy:

A

Doxy: D
Rest: X
Can chelate to bones and inhibit fetal growth

61
Q

Tetracyclines and lactation:

A

Compatible

62
Q

Tetracyclines and peds:

A

Avoid in kids under 8 due to risk of teeth staining

63
Q

Monitor what long term with tetracyclines?

A

LFT and BUN

64
Q

What are aminoglycosides?

A

Gentamicin
Neomycin
Tobramycin
Amikacin

65
Q

Aminoglycosides are synergistic with?

A

Beta-lactam antibiotics

66
Q

Aminoglycosides MOA:

A

Bactericidal- inhibits protein synthesis

67
Q

Fluoroquinolones include:

A

Levofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Moxifloxacin

68
Q

Fluoroquinolones MOA:

A

Bactericidal- interferes with action of DNA

69
Q

Fluoroquinolones general indications:

A

E. coli
CAP
Klebsiella
1st line: bronchitis

70
Q

Ciprofloxacin preferred agent for:

A

Nosocomial pneumonia

71
Q

Ciprofloxacin dietary teaching:

A

Impaired absorption with dairy.

72
Q

Fluoroquinolones and pregnancy class and lactation:

A

Pregnancy: C

Avoid in lactation due to risk of cartilage abnormalities in baby.

73
Q

Fluoroquinolones and peds:

A

Not recommended in patients under 18 due to risk of tendon rupture and joint pain.

74
Q

You can use fluoroquinolones in peds under 18 for:

A

Complicated UTIs
Pyelonephritis
Post-anthrax exposure

75
Q

Fluoroquinolones in the elderly:

A

Increases risk of tendon rupture and CNS confusion

76
Q

Cautions in fluoroquinolones:

A

Renal dysfunctions - alter dose with CrCl under 50
Prolongs QT
G6PD

77
Q

Antacid decrease absorption in:

A

Fluoroquinolones

78
Q

Pls with G6PD should not take what antibiotics?

A

Fluoroquinolones
Sulfonimides
Macrobid

79
Q

Metronidazole/Flagyl MOA:

A

Bactericidal- interferes with action of DNA

80
Q

Flagyl indications:

A

1st line C.diff, bacterial vaginosis, vaginal trichomonas

STIs

81
Q

Distribution of Flagyl:

A

Widely distributed to most tissues including CSF ( use with caution in patients with seizures).

82
Q

Flagyl
Pregnancy:
Lactation:
Peds:

A

Flagyl
Pregnancy: B, except 1st trimester
Lactation: use with extreme caution
Peds: oral 1-11 approved

83
Q

Sulfonamides include:

A

Bactrim and bactrim ds

84
Q

Sulfonamides MOA:

A

Bacteriostatic- inhibit bacterial synthesis of folic acid

Broad spectrum

85
Q

Bactrim indicates for treatment of:

A

E. Coli UTI
1st line MRSA
Gonorrhea

86
Q

Bactrim requires dose adjustment with:

A

Renal and haptic impairment

Elderly cannot use with CrCL less than 40

87
Q

Bactrim
Pregnancy:
Lactation:
Peds:

A

Bactrim
Pregnancy: C/D
Lactation: safe
Peds: contraindicated for babies less than 2 months due to kernicterus

88
Q

Nitrofurantoin/macrobid MOA:

A

Bacteriostatic- inhibits protein synthesis

89
Q

Macrobid used in treatment of:

A

Uncomplicated UTIs

Acute cystitis caused by E. coli

90
Q

Macrobid
Pregnancy:
Lactation:
Peds:

A

Macrobid
Pregnancy: B, do not give at term
Lactation: safe
Peds: contraindicated for babies less than 2 months due to risk of hemolysis

91
Q

Macrobid can cause permanent:

A

Peripheral neuropathy

Nurp 422 Exam 2 (1 decks)

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