Antibiotics Flashcards
What are the gram-positive bacteria bugs
Staph *
Streptococcus *
Enterococcus *
(Also listeria, propionbacterium, corynebacterium (diphtheria), clostridium (tetanus, botulis), bacillus anthracis
What type of bacteria usually affects below the belt
Anything that is not streptococcus, staph, or enterococcus
What type of bacteria is usually a skin bug
Staphylococcus
What infection is a plain staphylococcus infection
MSSA
What skin infection is a methicillin resistant infection
MRSA
What is a staff infection that affects the vagina and causes a UTI
Staph saptophyticus
What infection is a streptococcus infection of the throat
Streptococcus pyogenes
What is the name of a streptococcus infection of the teeth that causes endocarditis i.e. dental abscess
Streptococcus viridans
What is the name of the streptococcus infection that is group B and affects pregnant women
Streptococcus agalactiae
How do you treat a pregnant woman with group B streptococcus
Ampicillin
What bacterial pathogen affects the urinary tract
Enterococcus
What are atypical pathogen’s
Mycoplasma
H. Flu
M. Cat
What are two types of beta-lactam
Penicillin or cephalosporin
If a patient is allergic to penicillin can they take a cephalosporin
Yes
If a patient is allergic to the beta-lactam ring of a penicillin can they take a cephalosporin
No
If a patient took penicillin and had an anaphylactic response can they take a cephalosporin
No
If a patient took penicillin and had hives can they take a cephalosporin
No
If a patient took penicillin and had a mobilliform rash can they take a cephalosporin
Yes
What causes Mobilliform rash
It is common with viral infections and sulfa drugs with patients with HIV and mono
What’s an example of a famous viral infection that occurs with exposure to an antibiotic
Mono or Epstein bar virus
Which rash is macular or maculopapular, lesions are fixed, area expands over several days. May itch and more prevalent in children. More common with aminopenicillins i.e. amoxicillin and ampicillin. Usually T cell mediated with concurrence viral infections predisposing the patience to this rash. Unknown mechanism by which this occurs
Morbilliform rash
What does beta-lactamase do
It destroys the beta-lactam ring of the antibiotic
What is an example of an antibiotic with beta-lactamase
Augmentin
Is MRSA, MSSA, and DRSP gram positive or negative
Gram-positive
What pathogen where bug does penicillin not treat
Staphylococcus
Can amoxicillin kill DRSP
Yes Augmentin XR
What is the dose for adults of Augmentin XR for DRSP
2 g b.i.d. or 2000 mg b.i.d.
What is the dose of Augmentin XR for pediatrics with the DRSP
80 to 90 mg per kilogram QD
What is an example of an extended spectrum penicillin
Augmentin
What does Augmentin treat
Gram-positive’s, Graham negative, beta-lactamase
What does Augmentin not treat
MRSA
How would you know if a bug produced beta-lactamase
Always suspect a bug can make beta-lactamase if the patient had an antibiotic in the last 90 days. If so then give Augmentin
What is an example of a sulfanilamide
Bactrim and Septra
TMP-SMX
Are sulfonamides gram-positive or negative
Gram-negative
What does Bactrim treat what type of bacteria
MRSA
What does Bactrim not treat
Streptococcus and E. coli
If a patient is allergic to sulfa drugs and has MRSA how do you treat them
Doxycycline
What are tetracyclines
Doxycycline and minocycline and vibrant in
What does tetracyclines treat
Graham negative’s, atypicals, MRSA
What is a good antibiotic for MSSA and CA-MRSA
Minocycline
What is a good choice for atypical pathogens and lower respiratory tract pathogen’s
Doxycycline or minocycline
How do you treat it atypical pneumonia
Doxy or a macrolide
What type of cephalosporin is used for skin structure infection
First generation cephalosporins such as cephalexin and cefadroxil
Does Keflex or cefadroxil treat MRSA
No Bactrim or doxy does
What type of cephalosporin treats gram-positive and Graham negative’s
Second generation such as Cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefprozil
Can you treat H. flu with a 2nd generation cephalosporin
Yes
Ceftin
Ceclor
Cefzil
What type of Cephalosporin treats beta-lactamase
Third generation
Ceftibuten
Cefixime
What type of cephalosporin has weak gram-positive and gram-negative coverage
Third generation such as Cesar and suprax. Covers step but not staph. Covers atypicals
What type of cephalosporin covers gram-positive’s, Gram negative, and beta-lactamase producers
Extended spectrum third generation cephalosporins such as Rocephin, Omnicef, Vantin, and Spectracef
If a patient is allergic to penicillin or cephalosporins what should you give them
Macrolide
What type of antibiotic treats atypical pathogens
Macrolides such as azithromycin and clarithromycin
If a patient has strep throat and reports that they have a hive and anaphylaxis reaction to penicillin what should you give them
A Zpack Macrolides
Do you give ciprofloxacin for DRSP
No
What are side effects of quinolones
Tendon rupture and QT prolongation
What type of respiratory quinolone treats above and below the belt i.e. gram-positive’s, Gram negative’s, atypical pathogen’s, DRSP, aerobes and anaerobes
Third-generation respiratory quinolones such as Levaquin (levofloxacin)
Idiots antibiotic kills everything. Saved for people that cannot afford getting better treatment I.e. elderly and oncology patients
Which respiratory quinolones treat above the belt such as gram positive, gram-negative’s, atypical pathogen’s, DRSP
Fourth generation respiratory quinolones such as moxifloxacin, Gemifloxacin
Not for UTI
What antibiotic treats urinary pathogens
Nitrofurantoin (macrobid)
Concentrates in the bladder
What is a gram-negative antibiotic that treats c. Diff and diverticulitis
Metronidazole (flagyl)
What antibiotic is gram-positive and treats skin structure infections
Clindamycin
What is a side effect of clindamycin
Diarrhea
What is an antibiotic that is gram-positive and treats skin structure infections such as MRSA
Linezolid (zyvox)
When treating c.diff do you treat with IV or give orally
Give oral
What glycopeptide antibiotic is gram-positive and treats MRSA and staph and C. Diff orally
Vancomycin
An immune mediated reaction precipitated by the destruction of a large number of Spirochetes due to an antibiotic injection
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
What is a milder form of Stevens Johnson syndrome with no mucosal involvement
Erythema multiform. This is caused by sulfa drugs
A patient who has been prescribed Keflex for pneumonia should be advised to seek immediate attention if she experiences which of the following
Easy bruising
