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FNP Study > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

Memorize the key concepts of antibiotics when prescribing. Learning specific antibiotic classes, bacteria and identify which antibiotics or which bacterial infections.

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

List Gram + Bacteria

A
  1. ) Staph
  2. ) Strept
  3. ) Enterococcus
  4. ) Listeria
  5. ) Propionbacterium
  6. ) Corynebacterium (diptheria)
  7. ) Clostridium
  8. ) Tetanus, Botulism
  9. ) Bacillus anthracis
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2
Q

List Gram Negative Bacteria

A

Just about Everything Else

  1. ) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  2. ) Neisseria menngitidis
  3. ) E Coli, Shigella, Campylobactor
  4. ) Salmonella, Pasturella
  5. ) Rickettsia, Borrelia
  6. ) Proteus, Pseudomonas, Legionella
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3
Q

List atypical Gram Negative Bacteria

A

Mycoplasma
H.Flu
M.Cat
Legionella

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4
Q

List Staphylococcus Gram Positive Bacteria

A 
Staphylococcus aureus (skin)
MSSA (Staphylococcus aureus) (skin)
MRSA (staphylococcus aureus (skin)
Staph saprophyticus (UTI, Vagina)
Staph epidermis (skin)
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5
Q

What are the Gram Positive Streptococcus Bacteria

A 
Strept pyogens (throat)
Strept pneumoniae (lungs)
Strept viridans (dental abscess, endocarditis)
Strept agalactiae (Group B Strept)
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6
Q

What are the 2 Concepts of “Empiric Treatment”

A
  1. ) Consider the difference between Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria
  2. ) Consider Beta Lactam Ring
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7
Q

Define the meaning of “Beta Lactam”

A
  1. ) An antibiotic with a beta-lactam ring

2. ) All PCN and Cephalosporins

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8
Q

When prescribing PCN or Cephalosporin what 2 Points are ALWAYS considered?

A
  1. ) Hx of Allergic reactions

2. ) Beta Lactamase antibiotic

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9
Q

Can patients with allergy to PCN take a Cephalosporin

A
  1. ) Consider patient allergy to PCN
  2. ) Both PCN and Cephalo share beta lactamase but allergy to PCN is an allergy to the “pink pentagon” component of the PCN molecule. This differs from the “blue hexagon” of the cephalo molecule
  3. ) 90-98% of PCN allergy pts are allergic to the “pink pentagon” AND can safely take cephalosporin
  4. ) 2-10% of PCN allergy patients are ALSO allergic to the “blue hexagon” on the cephalo molecule therefore are allergic to both
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10
Q

What are “Amelie’s Rules” for Prescribing a Cephalosporin

A
  1. ) NEVER give cephalo if PCN allergy was anaphylaxis
  2. ) Don’t give cephalo if PCN reaction was hives
  3. ) GIVE cephalo is PCN reaction was morbilliform rash
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11
Q

This rash is…
Maculopapular or macular with fixed lesions and expands over several days
Itches
Prevalent most in kids
Most common with aminopenicillins (amox & ampicillin)

A

Morbiilliform Rash

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12
Q

This rash is usually T Cell mediated
This rash may arise after concurrent viral infections
Unknown mechanism of occurence

A

Morbilliform Rash

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13
Q

This is an enzyme in which bacteria know how to produce

A

Beta-Lactamase

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14
Q

What does Beta-Lactamase Do?

A

Beta Lactamase destroys the beta-lactam ring of the antibiotic

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15
Q

What Bacteria are PCNs USED for..

A 
Gram +
NOT Staphylococcus
Strep Groups: A,B,C,G
Enterococcus
Strept pneumonaie
Drug Resistant Strep Pneumo (DRSP)
Botulism (wound, not food)
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16
Q

Describe Extended Spectrum PENICILLINS

A

Augmentin (Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid)
Gram + and Gram Negatives
NOT MRSA
Yes Beta Lactamase

17
Q

List the Bacteria that Augmentin is SENSITIVE to

A 
Gram +
Strep Group A,B,C,G
Enterococcus
Strept pneumoniae
DRSP
MSSA

Gram Neg
H. Flu, M. Cat.,
E.coli, Neisseria,
Cornybacterium diptheria

18
Q

Bactrim is what type of Antibiotic

A

Sulfonamide

19
Q

What Bacteria is Bactrim Sensitive to?

A

Gram Negatives… NOT Strept, NOT e coli

Gram +….. Staph: MSSA, MRSA, CA-MRSA

20
Q

Name 3 common tetracyclines

A

Doxycycline, Minocycline and Vibramycin

21
Q

List Gram Neg Bacteria that tetracycline in sensitive to

A

Atypical Gram Neg (mycoplasma, M Cat)

H Flu, E Coli, Legionella, Chlamydophila, Rickettsia)

22
Q

List Gram + bacteria tetracycline sensitive to

A

MSSA & CA-MRSA

Doxy & Mino *** Good choice for atypical pathogens and lower resp. tract pathogens

23
Q

Describe 1st Generation Cephalosporin & what Bacteria is sensitive to?

A

Cephalexin (Keflex), Cefadroxil (Duricef)

Gram +
Staph MSSA
Strept

24
Q

Describe 2nd Generation Cephalosporin & what Bacteria is sensitive to?

A

Cefuroxime (Ceftin), Cefaclor (Ceclor) & Cefprozil (Cefzil)

Gram +
Staph MSSA
Streptococcus

Gram Neg
H Flu, E. Coli,
proteus mirabilis

25
Q

Describe 3rd Generation Cephalosporin & what Bacteria is sensitive to?

A

Ceftibuten (Cedax) & Cefixime (Suprax)

Weak Gram +
Strept Groups
Not Staph

Gram Neg
H Flu, M Cat, E Coli
Klebsiella, Salmonella and Shigella

26
Q

Describe Extended Spectrum 3rd Generation & What Bacteria is Sensitive to?

A

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin), Cefdinir (Omnicef), Cefpodoxime (Vantin) & Cefditoren (Spectracef)

AND Beta Lactamase Producers

Gram +
Strept
Staph:MSSA

Gram Neg: H Flu, M. Cat, E. Coli, Salmonella, Shigella & Proteus mirabilis

27
Q

Describe early Generation Macrolide and Bacteria Sensitive to?

A

Erythromycin

Atypical Pathogens
NOT Staph, Not Strept, Not Enterococcus
Listeria

Gram Neg: M. Cat, Legionella, Chlamydophilia, Mycoplasma

28
Q

Describe Later Generation Macrolide and Bacteria Sensitive to

A

Azithromycin (Zithromax), Clarithromycin (Biaxin)

Atypical Pathogens

Gram +
NOT Strept
NOT Enterococcus
Staph: MSSA
Listeria

Gram Neg: M. Cat, Legionella, Chlamydophilia, Mycoplasma

29
Q

Describe 2nd Generation Fluoroquinolones and Bacteria Sensitive to..

A

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Gram Neg: M. Cat., H. Flu, E Coli, Legionella, Chlamydophila, Mycoplasma, Klebsiella, Anthrax, Other Gram Neg.

Gram +
Staph MSSA
NOT Strept
Not Enterococcus

30
Q

Describe Respiratory Fluoroquinolones 3rd generation and Bacteria Sensitive to…

A

Levofloxacn (Levaquin)

Gram +
Staph MSSA
Listeria

Gram Neg.
Strept: all, M. Cat, H. flu, E. Coli, Legionella, Chlamydophila, Mycoplasma, Klebsiella, +/- pseudomonas

31
Q

Describe Fluoroquinolones 4th Generation and Bacteria Sensitive to…

A

Moxifloxacin (Avelox), Gemifloxacin (Factive) & Gatifloxacin (Zymar ophth)

Gram +
Staph: MSSA
Listeria
Not URINARY pathogens
DRSP
Gram Neg (above the belt)
Strep: All Spec., M. Cat, H. Flu, E. coli, Legionella, Chlamydophila, Mycoplasma, Klebsiella

Atypical Pathogens
**GI Pathogen Coverage

32
Q

Describe Miscellaneous antibiotic that concentrate in bladder and Bacteria Sensitive to

A

Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)

Urinary Pathogens

Gram +
MSSA
CA-MRSA (Usually)
Streptococcus

Gram Neg: E.coli

33
Q

Describe Miscellaneous Antibiotic and Bacteria Sensitive to

*Hint: Anaerobes only

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

C Diff
Clostridium sp.
**Clostridium is gram +

34
Q

Describe the antibiotic that can be used for Gram +, Gram Neg, Aerobes and Anaerobes

A 
Lincosamide
(Clindamycin)
Gram +
MSSA, CA-MRSA (Usually)
Streptococcus
35
Q

This is a misc. antibiotic that is used for Gram + Bacteria only

A 
Linezolid (Zyvox)
Gram +
MSSA
MRSA
CA-MRSA
Streptococcus
Enterococcus
Listeria
36
Q

What is the antibiotic that is a Glycopeptide and what Bacteria Sensitive to

**Hint Sensitive to Anaerobes

A

Vancomycin

Gram +
MSSA
MRSA
CA-MRSA (Usually)
Streptococcus

Gram Neg.
C. difficile (oral)

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