Antibiotics Flashcards
anaerobic coverage
metronidazole (flagyl) for gram negative
-below the diaphragm
Clindamycin for gram positive
-above the diaphragm
Side effect of zosyn
thrombocytopenia
monitor platelets on CBCs
Eagle Effect
Clindamycin can be used as an adjunct treatment in strep/staph infections, especially toxic shock
inactivates toxins
Goal blood concentration of antibiotics
4 times MIC
Penicillin coverage
Streptococcus
Sensitive Staph
Syphyllis
Amoxicillin coverage
PCN coverage (streptococcus, sensitive staph, syphyllis) plus: enterococcus Haemophilus some gram negatives
Unasyn (ampicillin/sulbactam) coverage
gram positive cocci
anaerobes
Some gram negatives
NO pseudomonas
Zosyn (piperacillin/tazobactam) coverage
gram positive cocci
anaerobes
Some gram negatives
Pseudomonas
No atypical, MRSA, VRE coverage
1st generation cephalosporins - Ancef (cefazolin), Keflex (cephalexin) coverage
gram positive cocci
Some gram negatives
Coverage for
2nd generation cephalosporins - cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefprozil
3rd generation cephalosporins - ceftriaxone, cefdinir, cefixime, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime (Fortaz), ceftibuten, ceftizoxime
gram positive cocci
expanded gram negative coverage
Fortaz (ceftazidime) - covers pseudomonas
4th generation cephalosporin - cefepime coverage
gram positive cocci
gram negative
has anti-pseudomonas coverage
Invanz (ertapenem) coverage
same as unsyn
gram positive cocci
anaerobes
Some gram negatives
NO pseudomonas
Imipenem, meropenem, doripenem coverage
same as zosyn
gram positive cocci
anaerobes
Some gram negatives
Pseudomonas
Aztreonam coverage
beta-lactam that does not have allergic cross reaction
covers gram negatives only
Macrolide coverage
-azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin
General: gram positive cocci and upper respiratory gram negatives
Aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive cocci, except enterococci, MRSA, and some S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes strains
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydia trachomatis Chlamydophila pneumoniae Legionella sp Corynebacterium diphtheriae Campylobacter sp Treponema pallidum Propionibacterium acnes Borrelia burgdorferi
Tetracycline coverage
- doxycycline
- tetracycline
covers gram positives including MRSA anaerobes gram negatives chlamydia rickettsia organisms (RMSF)
Quinolones - Avelox (moxifloxicin) coverage
gram positives, gram negatives, enterococcus, some TB coverage
Quinolones - Levaquin (levofloxacin) coverage
equal gram positive and gram negative coverage, pseudomonas coverage
Quinolones - Cipro (ciprofloxacin) coverage
gram negative, gram positive coverage
used for meningitis ppx
Pseudomonas
Aminoglycosides coverage
- gentamicin
- streptomycin
- amikacin, kanamycin, neomycin, tobramycin
gram negative coverage
Metronidazole coverage
anaerobic
gram negative
Vancomycin coverage (Firvanq, Vancocin)
gram positive coverage and MRSA
Daptomycin coverage (Cubicin)
Gram positive coverage, MRSA, VRE
Bactrim (TMP-SMX) coverage
gram positive, respiratory gram negatives
PCP coverage
MRSA coverage
Avoid use in soft tissue infections empirically, lacks Streptococcus coverage
Linezolid coverage (Zyvox)
gram positives, MRSA, VRE
MRSA coverage
Vancomycin Daptomycin Bactrim Linezolid Tetracyclines
VRE coverage
Daptomycin
Linezolid
Pseudomonas coverage
Zosyn cefepime Fortaz (ceftazidime) Levaquin (levofloxacin) Cipro (ciprofloxacin)
