antibiotics Flashcards
What is benzylpenecillin used for
Throat infections, Otitis media, Cellulitis, Pneumonia +/- macrolide meningococcal infection
what should benzypenecillin be used with caution in?
renal impairment
contraindicated if previous allergic reaction
What is phenoxymethylpenecillin known as?
Pen V
can benpen be given PO?
No, IV/ IM only
if a patient has a sore caused by an unknown organism which antibiotic should be avoided?
amoxicillin- might be caused by EBV which will cause a rash if treated with amoxicillin
what is tazocin?
piperacillin + tazobactam
when is tazocin used?
sever infection where resistance likely (hospital acquired) or a broad spectrum of potential pathogens
or in immunocompromised
LRTI/ UTI/ skin/ intra-abdo sepsis
which infection does tazocin increase your risk of?
C diff
can tazocin be given orally?
no, IV no oral switch
which penicillins are broad spectrum?
amoxicillin
co-amoxiclav
what are indications for co-amox/ amoxicillin?
pneumonia where cause could be gram +ve (strep pneumoniae) or gram -ve (HiB)
UTI (trimethoprim/ nitro 1st line)
hospital acquired infection/ intra-abdo sepsis
H. pylori
what infection does co-amox increase your risk of?
C diff
what are indications for flucloxacillin?
skin infections (+benpen) osteomyelitis/ Septic arthritis endocarditis
what are indications for cephalosporins?
2nd line for UTI
gonorrhoea
surgical prophylaxis
name some cephalosporins
cefalexim
cefotaxime
name a carbopenem?
meropenem
what are carbopenems used for?
severe or complicated infections
what should carbopenems be used cautiously in?
epilepsy, renal impairment
increase risk of C diff
what are the indications for trimethoprim?
UTI
co-trimazole (+sulfamethazole) used for pneumocystis pneumonia (in HIV)
which antibiotics are contraindicated in pregnancy
trimethoprim (1st semester)
nitrofurantoin (towards term)
Which drugs interact with trimethoprim?
other potassium raising drugs; ACEIs ARB, aldosterone agonists
warfarin- increases anticoagulant effect
methotrexate/ phenytoin as increases folate metabolism therefore haematological effects
what side effect is it important to warn patients on nitrofurantoin of?
turns urine dark yellow/ brown
rarely can cause pneumonitis/ peripheral neuropathy especially if long term
name some macrolides
Clarithromycin, erythromycin, azithromycin
indications for macrolides?
respiratory/ skin infections in penecillin allergy
severe pneumonia added to a penecillin- eg legionella/ mycoplasma
eradication of H pylori + amoxicillin and PPI
