antibiotics Flashcards
What is benzylpenecillin used for
Throat infections, Otitis media, Cellulitis, Pneumonia +/- macrolide meningococcal infection
what should benzypenecillin be used with caution in?
renal impairment
contraindicated if previous allergic reaction
What is phenoxymethylpenecillin known as?
Pen V
can benpen be given PO?
No, IV/ IM only
if a patient has a sore caused by an unknown organism which antibiotic should be avoided?
amoxicillin- might be caused by EBV which will cause a rash if treated with amoxicillin
what is tazocin?
piperacillin + tazobactam
when is tazocin used?
sever infection where resistance likely (hospital acquired) or a broad spectrum of potential pathogens
or in immunocompromised
LRTI/ UTI/ skin/ intra-abdo sepsis
which infection does tazocin increase your risk of?
C diff
can tazocin be given orally?
no, IV no oral switch
which penicillins are broad spectrum?
amoxicillin
co-amoxiclav
what are indications for co-amox/ amoxicillin?
pneumonia where cause could be gram +ve (strep pneumoniae) or gram -ve (HiB)
UTI (trimethoprim/ nitro 1st line)
hospital acquired infection/ intra-abdo sepsis
H. pylori
what infection does co-amox increase your risk of?
C diff
what are indications for flucloxacillin?
skin infections (+benpen) osteomyelitis/ Septic arthritis endocarditis
what are indications for cephalosporins?
2nd line for UTI
gonorrhoea
surgical prophylaxis
name some cephalosporins
cefalexim
cefotaxime
name a carbopenem?
meropenem
what are carbopenems used for?
severe or complicated infections
what should carbopenems be used cautiously in?
epilepsy, renal impairment
increase risk of C diff
what are the indications for trimethoprim?
UTI
co-trimazole (+sulfamethazole) used for pneumocystis pneumonia (in HIV)
which antibiotics are contraindicated in pregnancy
trimethoprim (1st semester)
nitrofurantoin (towards term)
Which drugs interact with trimethoprim?
other potassium raising drugs; ACEIs ARB, aldosterone agonists
warfarin- increases anticoagulant effect
methotrexate/ phenytoin as increases folate metabolism therefore haematological effects
what side effect is it important to warn patients on nitrofurantoin of?
turns urine dark yellow/ brown
rarely can cause pneumonitis/ peripheral neuropathy especially if long term
name some macrolides
Clarithromycin, erythromycin, azithromycin
indications for macrolides?
respiratory/ skin infections in penecillin allergy
severe pneumonia added to a penecillin- eg legionella/ mycoplasma
eradication of H pylori + amoxicillin and PPI
What are adverse effects of macrolides?
cholestatic jaundice
pronlongation of QT
Ototoxicity at high doses
which antibiotic is hepatically excreted?
macrolides
which drugs interact with macrolides?
macrolides are p450 inhibitors so statins/ warfarin etc
other QT prolonging drugs (antipsychotics, quinine, SSRI)
