Antibiotics

Question 1

What are the main 7 classes of antibiotics

Answer 1

1. Penicillins
2. Cephalosporins
3. Fluoroquinolone’s
4. Sulfonamides
5. Tetracyclines
6. Macrolide’s
7. Aminoglycosides

Question 2

Penicillin antibiotics examples

Answer 2

Penicillin V
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin/clavulonate
Ampicillin
Naficillin

Question 3

Cephalosporin antibiotic examples

Answer 3

ceftriaxone (3rd gen)

Question 4

Macrolides antibiotic examples

Answer 4

Azithromycin
Erthromycin
Clarithromycin

Question 5

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic examples

Answer 5

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
olfloxacin

Question 6

Sulfonamides antibiotic examples

Answer 6

Trimethoprim

sulfamethoxazole

Question 7

Tetracycline antibiotic example

Answer 7

tetracycline

doxycycline

Question 8

aminoglycoside antibiotic examples

Answer 8

Gentamicin

tobramycin

Question 9

penicillin MOA??

Answer 9

kills bacteria through binding of the beta-lactam ring to DD-transpeptidase, inhibiting its cross-linking activity and preventing new cell wall formation. Without a cell wall, a bacterial cell is vulnerable to outside water and molecular pressures, and quickly dies

Question 10

Cephalosporin MOA?

Answer 10

Bactericidal and have the same mode of action as other β-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillins), but are less susceptible to β-lactamases. Cephalosporins disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer forming the bacterial cell wall. The peptidoglycan layer is important for cell wall structural integrity. The final transpeptidation step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan is facilitated by penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). PBPs bind to the D-Ala-D-Ala at the end of muropeptides (peptidoglycan precursors) to crosslink the peptidoglycan. Beta-lactam antibiotics mimic the D-Ala-D-Ala site, thereby irreversibly inhibiting PBP crosslinking of peptidoglycan.

Question 11

Macrolide MOA?

Answer 11

Bacteriostatic by binding irreversibly to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. Ribosomes are the protein factories of the cell, and by binding to the ribosome, macrolides inhibit translocation of tRNA during
translation (the production of proteins under the direction of DNA).

Question 12

Fluoroquinalones MOA?

Answer 12

By blocking DNA replication, by binding to the A-subunit and blocking the enzyme DNA gyrase

Question 13

Sulfanomide MOA

Answer 13

Inhibition of other metabolic processes. Sulfonamides interfere with folic acid synthesis by preventing addition of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) into the folic acid molecule through competing for the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase.

Question 14

Tetracyclines MOA?

Answer 14

protein synthesis inhibitors, inhibiting the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. They do so mainly by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit in the mRNA translation complex.

Question 15

Aminoglycoside MOA

Answer 15

bacteriocidal